Obesity and weight management, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, MASLD/fatty liver, and nutrition and lifestyle evidence.
UKPDS 34 demonstrated that metformin reduces diabetes-related endpoints, death, and all-cause mortality by 32–42% in overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, with superior cardiovascular outcomes compared with sulphonylurea or insulin, establishing metformin as the preferred first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes for the subsequent three decades.
A double-blind RCT finds vitamin D improves insulin secretion and HOMA-IR but not fasting glucose in women with prediabetes. PICO summary and clinical expert commentary.
An RCT reports HIIT plus mindfulness breathing improves metabolic, hormonal, and tumour-marker profiles in obese postmenopausal women. PICO summary and critical expert commentary.
An RCT reports resistance exercise plus metformin improves glycaemic control and sleep quality in elderly type 2 diabetes with sleep disorders. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A pilot RCT finds prebiotic inulin enriches SCFA-producing gut bacteria but does not improve HbA1c in Indian children with type 1 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A three-arm RCT shows adding a high-protein, low-GI diet to training cuts IL-6 and hs-CRP and improves insulin sensitivity in men with abdominal obesity. PICO summary and commentary.
A qualitative study finds US Dietary Guideline patterns lack cultural relevance for African American adults at risk of type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
An RCT finds adding a ketogenic diet to dulaglutide improves glucose, lipids, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and clinical expert commentary.
An RCT finds water delivery plus parental coaching shifts beverage habits but not BMI in youth on antipsychotics. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
An RCT finds low-carb and Mediterranean diets do not significantly alter bone turnover markers in young people with type 1 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
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