A 7-week double-blind RCT found aripiprazole caused significantly less weight gain than risperidone in schizophrenia, with appetite changes as an early metabolic signal. PICO summary and expert commentary.
Browsing: Metabolism
Obesity and weight management, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, MASLD/fatty liver, and nutrition and lifestyle evidence.
A 93-patient Turkish RCT testing whether more frequent dietitian counseling, with weekly telehealth added, improves cardiometabolic outcomes in metabolic syndrome. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A three-arm RCT shows 24 g/day dietary fibre improves HbA1c and the FIB-4 fibrosis marker in type 2 diabetes with MASLD. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
The DPPOS demonstrated that cumulative diabetes prevention from the DPP lifestyle intervention and metformin persists over 10 years from original randomisation, with 34% and 18% reductions in cumulative diabetes incidence despite post-DPP convergence of care, establishing a diabetes prevention legacy effect and confirming the durability of early preventive intervention.
The DREAM trial demonstrated that rosiglitazone reduces incident diabetes or death by 60% and achieves normoglycaemia in 50% of high-risk adults with impaired glucose tolerance, the largest pharmacological diabetes prevention effect documented in a large RCT, but the drug’s subsequent cardiovascular safety concerns and market withdrawal have prevented translation of these findings into clinical practice.
The Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated that intensive lifestyle intervention reduces type 2 diabetes incidence by 58% with a NNT of 6.9 over 2.8 years in high-risk adults, outperforming metformin which reduced incidence by 31%, establishing structured lifestyle modification as the primary preventive strategy for pre-diabetes and the evidence base for national prevention programmes.
UKPDS 34 demonstrated that metformin reduces diabetes-related endpoints, death, and all-cause mortality by 32–42% in overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, with superior cardiovascular outcomes compared with sulphonylurea or insulin, establishing metformin as the preferred first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes for the subsequent three decades.
A double-blind RCT finds vitamin D improves insulin secretion and HOMA-IR but not fasting glucose in women with prediabetes. PICO summary and clinical expert commentary.
An RCT reports HIIT plus mindfulness breathing improves metabolic, hormonal, and tumour-marker profiles in obese postmenopausal women. PICO summary and critical expert commentary.
An RCT reports resistance exercise plus metformin improves glycaemic control and sleep quality in elderly type 2 diabetes with sleep disorders. PICO summary and expert commentary.