SURPASS-PEDS: Tirzepatide Improved HbA1c in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
In SURPASS-PEDS, weekly tirzepatide lowered HbA1c by 2.28 points versus placebo at 30 weeks and also reduced BMI in youth-onset type 2 diabetes.
Therapeutics
Drug-class and individual-agent evidence: GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and the major trials behind semaglutide, tirzepatide, and related therapies.
ATTAIN-1: Oral Orforglipron Reduced Weight in Obesity
ATTAIN-1 found that oral orforglipron 36 mg reduced body weight by 11.2% versus 2.1% with placebo over 72 weeks in adults with obesity without diabetes.
STEP UP: Semaglutide 7.2 mg Delivered Additional Weight Loss in Obesity
In STEP UP, semaglutide 7.2 mg reduced body weight by 18.7% versus 3.9% with placebo and outperformed semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with obesity without diabetes.
Dapagliflozin Plus Calorie Restriction Increased Type 2 Diabetes Remission in Early Disease
In overweight or obese adults with early type 2 diabetes, dapagliflozin added to calorie restriction increased 12-month remission from 28% to 44%.
REDEFINE 1: CagriSema Produced 20.4% Weight Loss in Adults Without Diabetes
In REDEFINE 1, once-weekly cagrilintide-semaglutide produced 20.4% mean weight loss at 68 weeks versus 3.0% with placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.
CONFIDENCE: Finerenone Plus Empagliflozin Reduced Albuminuria More Than Either Drug Alone
In CKD with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria, simultaneous finerenone plus empagliflozin reduced UACR more than either treatment alone at 180 days, without unexpected safety findings.
REDEFINE 2: CagriSema Reduced Weight and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes
In REDEFINE 2, CagriSema reduced weight by 13.7% versus 3.4% with placebo at 68 weeks, and 73.5% achieved HbA1c <=6.5% in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes (SOUL)
In high-risk type 2 diabetes, once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg cut major adverse cardiovascular events versus placebo in the SOUL trial, with no kidney benefit shown. PICO summary and expert commentary.
Do Conventional Risk Factor Changes Explain Exenatide’s Cardiovascular Effects? An EXSCEL Post Hoc Analysis
An EXSCEL post hoc simulation and mediation analysis showing conventional risk-factor changes explain only a modest share of once-weekly exenatide's cardiovascular effects. PICO summary and expert commentary.
Fixed-Dose Versus Separate Enavogliflozin/Gemigliptin: A Phase 1 Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study
A Phase 1 crossover study in healthy Korean volunteers found the enavogliflozin/gemigliptin fixed-dose combination pharmacokinetically equivalent to the separate tablets, with food not altering enavogliflozin exposure. PICO summary and expert commentary.