Cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, cardio-renal protection, hypertension, and lipid-lowering trials in diabetes and endocrinology.
In CKD with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria, simultaneous finerenone plus empagliflozin reduced UACR more than either treatment alone at 180 days, without unexpected safety findings.
In high-risk type 2 diabetes, once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg cut major adverse cardiovascular events versus placebo in the SOUL trial, with no kidney benefit shown. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A post-hoc ACCORD-BP analysis of 307 patients with type 2 diabetes and prior stroke links intensive SBP control below 120 mmHg to lower MACE risk. PICO summary and expert commentary.
An EXSCEL post hoc simulation and mediation analysis showing conventional risk-factor changes explain only a modest share of once-weekly exenatide's cardiovascular effects. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A post-hoc analysis of the SPRINT trial finds a higher triglyceride-glucose index is associated with greater cardiovascular risk in controlled hypertension, significant only under standard blood pressure treatment. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A 52-week open-label randomized trial found once-weekly semaglutide reduced LDL cholesterol and shifted lipoprotein subfractions toward a less atherogenic profile versus sitagliptin in obese type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A secondary lipidomic analysis of two randomized crossover feeding trials found that lowering dietary saturated fat reshaped the lipoprotein(a) lipidome while plasma Lp(a) rose. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A randomized trial in 112 veterans found that immediate return of confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia genetic results plus telegenetic counseling did not significantly reduce LDL-C versus delayed return. PICO summary and expert commentary.
CARDS demonstrated that atorvastatin 10 mg reduces major cardiovascular events by 37% and stroke by 48% in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal to mildly elevated LDL-cholesterol without prior CVD, confirming that cardiovascular risk rather than LDL level should determine statin initiation and establishing universal statin use in primary cardiovascular prevention for type 2 diabetes.
HPS demonstrated that simvastatin reduces major vascular events by 24% across all high-risk patients regardless of baseline LDL-cholesterol level, including those with diabetes without established coronary disease, eliminating the treatment threshold concept and establishing absolute cardiovascular risk as the primary criterion for statin therapy — one of the most influential results in preventive cardiology.
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