Summary: In overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), combined treatment with metformin (0.85 g twice daily) and liraglutide (1.2 mg once daily) significantly improved metabolic parameters, reduced androgen levels, and favorably modulated gut microbiota compared to monotherapies with metformin or liraglutide alone, though it was associated with some adverse gastrointestinal reactions. PICO Description Population Overweight or obese women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and female Sprague-Dawley rats induced with PCOS using letrozole. Intervention Combined treatment of oral metformin (0.85 g twice daily in humans, 200 mg/kg in rats) and subcutaneous liraglutide (1.2 mg/day in humans, 0.2 mg/kg/day in…
Author: FWA
Summary: In adults with type 1 diabetes, a high-carbohydrate, low-fat, low-protein (HCLFLP) diet significantly improved substrate oxidation and glucose regulation during sustained submaximal exercise compared to low-carbohydrate, high-fat, low-protein and other isocaloric diet variations over seven days, though it was associated with no significant adverse side effects reported. PICO Description Population Twelve adults with type 1 diabetes (4 females), mean age 46 ± 15 years, average HbA1c 55.9 ± 7.8 mmol/mol, undergoing sustained submaximal exercise. Intervention Seven-day consumption of a high-carbohydrate (48%), low-fat (33%), low-protein (19%) isocaloric diet (HCLFLP). Comparison Seven-day consumption of alternative isocaloric diets differing in macronutrient composition:…
Summary: In middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), L-citrulline supplementation significantly improved endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness, as well as lowered fasting glucose levels in both fasted and acute hyperglycemic states compared to placebo administration, though it was associated with minor gastrointestinal side effects. PICO Description Population Middle-aged and older adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus experiencing endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Intervention Oral L-citrulline supplementation administered at a dose sufficient to evaluate effects on vascular function in fasted and acute hyperglycemic states. Comparison Placebo treatment under identical testing conditions during fasted and acute…
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, combined aerobic and resistance training (A+R) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over 12 weeks significantly improved metabolic, functional, and psychosocial outcomes compared to control (no training), though differences in specific benefits were noted: HIIT yielded greater fasting glucose and muscle mass improvements, while A+R provided broader HbA1c reduction, fat loss, and enhanced quality of life. PICO Description Population Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Intervention Combined aerobic and resistance training (A+R) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT), both administered over 12 weeks. Comparison Control group receiving no…
Summary: In individuals with type 2 diabetes, the Vyntus CPX metabolic cart system significantly demonstrated comparable reliability and measurement consistency compared to the Vmax Encore 29N system, though it was associated with minor device-specific measurement variations. PICO Description Population Adult participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the German Diabetes Study. Intervention Measurement of whole-body energy metabolism using the Vyntus CPX metabolic cart system via indirect calorimetry. Comparison Measurement using the Vmax Encore 29N metabolic cart system via indirect calorimetry in a randomized crossover design. Outcome Both systems showed high reliability and comparable accuracy for assessing energy metabolism. Minor…
Summary: In women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intervention related to management of GDM during pregnancy significantly reduced gestational weight gain and normalized maternal BMI by 3 years postpartum compared to women without GDM, despite higher early pregnancy BMI, though it was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity in offspring at 3 years of age. PICO Description Population Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and their offspring assessed up to 3 years postnatally. Intervention GDM management and monitoring during pregnancy including dietary and lifestyle interventions as per the UPBEAT Trial protocol. Comparison Women without gestational diabetes…
Summary: In patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease without diabetes (n=17,604) from the SELECT trial, once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced MACE consistently across all baseline adiposity categories, with only 33% of the benefit mediated through waist circumference reduction compared to placebo, though weight loss magnitude showed no linear relationship with MACE reduction, suggesting cardioprotective mechanisms beyond adiposity. PICO Description Population Patients aged ≥45 years with BMI ≥27 kg/m² and established cardiovascular disease without diabetes (n=17,604) enrolled in SELECT trial across 804 sites in 41 countries. Intervention Once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg. Comparison Placebo injection once weekly (1:1 randomization). Outcome MACE…
Summary: In adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes (n=725) enrolled in the phase 3 SYNCHRONIZE-1 trial across 14 countries, once-weekly survodutide (3.6 or 6.0 mg), a GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist is being evaluated for percent body weight change and ≥5% weight reduction over 76 weeks compared to placebo, with baseline showing mean BMI 37.9 kg/m², 59.4% female, and high comorbidity prevalence (hypertension 40%, dyslipidemia 34%, prediabetes 30%). PICO Description Population Adults aged ≥18 years with BMI ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m² with ≥1 obesity complication, without type 2 diabetes (n=725 from 14 countries). Mean age 47.1 years, BMI 37.9 kg/m², waist…
Summary: In adults with obesity or overweight without type 2 diabetes from SURMOUNT-5, tirzepatide at maximum tolerated dose for 72 weeks showed similar physical health improvements with greater General Health domain improvement (5.45 vs 4.20, p=0.003) compared to semaglutide, though neither treatment significantly improved Mental Component Summary scores. PICO Description Population Adults with obesity or overweight without type 2 diabetes from the SURMOUNT-5 trial who received ≥1 dose of tirzepatide or semaglutide at maximum tolerated doses. Intervention Tirzepatide at maximum tolerated dose for 72 weeks. Comparison Semaglutide at maximum tolerated dose for 72 weeks. Outcome Both treatments improved Physical Component…
Summary: In patients with biopsy-confirmed MASH and fibrosis stage F2-F3 (n=212), once-weekly pemvidutide (1.2 or 1.8 mg), a GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist, for 24 weeks significantly achieved MASH resolution without fibrosis worsening in 52-58% vs 20% with placebo (p<0.0001) compared to placebo, though it was associated with no significant fibrosis improvement at this timepoint and excellent tolerability (0-1% discontinuation). PICO Description Population Patients with biopsy-confirmed MASH and liver fibrosis stage F2 or F3 (n=212) from 83 sites in USA and Australia (IMPACT trial). Intervention Once-weekly subcutaneous pemvidutide (1.2 mg or 1.8 mg), a GLP-1-glucagon dual receptor agonist, administered without dose titration…