A cluster RCT finds a structured personalised education model markedly improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, though intensity limits generalisability. PICO summary and commentary.
A feasibility analysis finds a culturally tailored dietary intervention engages diverse women with gestational diabetes equally, but does not change measured intake. PICO summary and commentary.
A crossover RCT finds a specific probiotic strain modestly improves fasting glycaemia and beta-cell indices in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A secondary analysis of the BEFORE THE BEGINNING trial finds preconception lifestyle change does not reduce macrosomia or neonatal adiposity. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A pilot RCT finds a culturally tailored WeChat-delivered programme improves self-efficacy and reduces diabetes distress in Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and commentary.
A small crossover trial finds whole-body photobiomodulation acutely raises resting energy expenditure in women with obesity, but measures no durable outcomes. PICO summary and commentary.
A small crossover trial finds a mulberry leaf and corn silk functional milk lowers postprandial glucose only in an overweight prediabetic subgroup. PICO summary and expert commentary.
The Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study demonstrated that bariatric surgery is associated with a 29% reduction in adjusted all-cause mortality compared with conventional obesity treatment over an average 10.9 years of follow-up, with reductions in both cardiovascular and cancer deaths, providing the first prospective controlled evidence for the long-term survival benefit of surgical weight loss.
The Look AHEAD trial demonstrated that intensive lifestyle intervention targeting weight loss in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes did not reduce cardiovascular events over 9.6 years despite clear differences in weight, fitness, and glycaemic control, establishing a critical negative result that informed the rationale for pharmacological obesity treatment with greater weight loss efficacy.
The SCALE trial established liraglutide 3.0 mg as the first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for chronic weight management, demonstrating a mean weight reduction of 8.0% versus 2.6% with placebo and a 79% reduction in progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a 160-week extension analysis, setting the clinical and regulatory template for GLP-1 receptor agonist obesity pharmacotherapy.
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