Summary: In adults with overweight or obesity following 7-day vancomycin treatment, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) supplementation for 8 weeks transiently improved gut microbial resilience at 2 weeks and reduced fasting IL-6 at 8 weeks compared to placebo, though it was associated with limited effects on metabolic health outcomes including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. PICO Description Population Adults with overweight or obesity who received 7-day oral vancomycin treatment, enrolled in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled intervention. Intervention 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) supplementation for 8 weeks following antibiotic treatment. Comparison Placebo supplementation for 8 weeks following antibiotic treatment. Outcome 2′-FL improved gut microbial resilience at 2…
Author: FWA
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (n=60), adding sitagliptin 100 mg/day to metformin 2000 mg/day for 12 weeks significantly improved fasting glucose, cholesterol, TyG index, and pancreatic β-cell function while reducing IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18 levels compared to metformin alone, with no significant changes in HbA1c or vitamin D3. PICO Description Population Patients with type 2 diabetes (n=60) with inadequate glycemic control on metformin alone, enrolled in a 12-week randomized double-blind trial. Intervention Sitagliptin 100 mg/day + metformin 2000 mg/day for 12 weeks. Comparison Metformin 2000 mg/day alone for 12 weeks. Outcome Sitagliptin + metformin…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin and glyburide (n=32), sitagliptin add-on therapy for 6 months upregulated six circulating miRNAs involved in insulin signaling and inflammation pathways compared to bedtime NPH insulin (which upregulated four miRNAs), with similar HbA1c reductions but only sitagliptin increasing postprandial GLP-1. PICO Description Population Patients with type 2 diabetes (n=32) inadequately controlled on metformin and glyburide, comparable in age, BMI, diabetes duration, and baseline metabolic variables. Intervention Sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) add-on therapy for 6 months. Comparison Bedtime NPH insulin add-on therapy for 6 months. Outcome Both treatments reduced HbA1c similarly. Sitagliptin…
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes (n=40), Dibifree dietary phytomix (15 g/day) as add-on therapy significantly reduced HbA1c, fasting/postprandial glucose, and body fat percentage compared to placebo, with mechanistic evidence of GLP-1 enhancement, DPP-4 inhibition, and anti-inflammatory effects. PICO Description Population Adults with type 2 diabetes (n=40) enrolled in a 7-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in Taiwan. Intervention Dibifree dietary phytomix (15 g/day) as add-on therapy for two 3-month sessions separated by 1-month washout, with placebo recipients switched to Dibifree in second session. Comparison Placebo add-on therapy in crossover design. Outcome Significant reduction in HbA1c, fasting glucose, postprandial…
Summary: In overweight or obese adults aged 18–50 years, a standardized 60 mL daily hibiscus-inulin (HIB-INU) shot significantly reduced composite lipid-glucose indices (AIP and TyG) compared to a sensory-matched placebo, though it was associated with no significant effects on blood pressure parameters or reported adverse events. PICO Description Population Adults aged 18–50 years with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², indicating overweight or obesity (n = 100). Intervention Daily 60 mL shot of LC-MS-standardized Hibiscus-inulin (HIB-INU) beverage for 8 weeks. Comparison Sensory-matched placebo beverage taken daily over the same 8-week period. Outcome Significant reductions in Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP: -0.09; 95%…
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, Dibifree, a dietary phytomix (15 g/day) significantly improved glycemic control and reduced adiposity compared to placebo, though it was associated with mild gastrointestinal side effects. PICO Description Population Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participating in a 7-month randomized controlled trial. Intervention Dibifree dietary phytomix administered at 15 g/day as an add-on treatment. Comparison Placebo administered under identical conditions. Outcome Dibifree significantly improved glycemic control as evidenced by reductions in HbA1c and fasting glucose, as well as decreased adiposity measured by body fat composition. The intervention modulated the gut-pancreas-adipose-immune axis. Mild gastrointestinal side…
Summary: In pregnant individuals diagnosed with hyperglycemia during pregnancy (N=20) enrolled in a randomized controlled pilot trial, a 5-week behavioral physical activity intervention focusing on unsupervised walking or stepping delivered remotely via weekly 10-20 minute coaching sessions significantly maintained self-reported moderate-intensity physical activity levels (walking/running: +0.22 MET h/week vs -0.70 in controls) with promising improvements in neonatal birthweight-for-gestational age and subscapular skinfold compared to a general wellness control group receiving remote counseling without physical activity, diet, or metabolism guidance, though it was associated with no adverse events and excellent participant ratings (100% rating as excellent or very good). PICO Description…
Summary: In adults participating in the He Rourou Whai Painga randomized controlled dietary trial, a smartphone-based dietary assessment application using computer vision to estimate energy intake from food images over 7 days showed energy intake estimates comparable to validated 24-hour dietary recall methods (mean bias 783 kJ, p=0.33, not significant) compared to two 24-hour dietary recalls and estimated energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and accelerometry, though it was associated with underestimation compared to objectively measured energy expenditure (mean bias -1814 kJ for app, -1715 kJ for recall), similar to the inherent underreporting seen with traditional methods. PICO Description Population…
Summary: In patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (n=103, mean age 50.8±12.8 years, 49 males), an improved ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation protocol involving parathyroidal circumferential hydrodissection, short electrode, low-power settings, and intra-nodular ablation (n=53) significantly increased clinical success rates (94.97% vs 89.07%) and reduced recurrent laryngeal nerve-related hoarseness (5.7% vs 18%) with faster recovery (1.63 vs 2.75 months) compared to conventional ultrasound-guided RFA protocol without hydrodissection or modified parameters (n=50), though it was associated with mild transient hoarseness in a small proportion of patients that resolved more quickly than with conventional technique. PICO Description Population Patients (n=103) with secondary hyperparathyroidism (mean age 50.8±12.8…
Summary: In sedentary postmenopausal women (mean age 56.7 ± 4 years) following a high-fat meal, both high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) performed the day before the meal significantly reduced postprandial triglyceride levels with no significant differences between exercise intensities compared to no exercise (rest condition) prior to the high-fat meal, though HIIT was associated with higher perceived exertion and heart rate than MIIT, suggesting MIIT may offer similar metabolic benefits with better tolerability. PICO Description Population Sedentary postmenopausal women aged approximately 56.7 ± 4 years, representing a population at elevated cardiovascular risk due to estrogen deficiency…