The SUSTAIN-6 trial demonstrated that once-weekly semaglutide reduced 3-point MACE by 26% in high-cardiovascular-risk type 2 diabetes, driven primarily by a significant 39% reduction in nonfatal stroke, while identifying a retinopathy complication signal attributable to rapid glucose lowering in patients with pre-existing retinopathy.
The LEADER trial demonstrated that liraglutide significantly reduced 3-point MACE and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, becoming the first GLP-1 receptor agonist CVOT to demonstrate superiority and characterising an atherosclerotic rather than heart failure protection profile distinct from SGLT2 inhibitors.
DAPA-CKD demonstrated that dapagliflozin reduced the composite of a sustained 50% or greater eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, or renal or cardiovascular death by 39% in patients with albuminuric CKD with or without type 2 diabetes, extending nephroprotective SGLT2 inhibition beyond diabetic nephropathy to a broad CKD population for the first time.
EMPEROR-Reduced confirmed that empagliflozin reduces cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure by 25% in patients with HFrEF irrespective of diabetes status, while also demonstrating a 50% reduction in a renal composite outcome and a markedly slower rate of eGFR decline, adding critical confirmatory evidence for SGLT2 inhibitors as standard-of-care in HFrEF.
The DAPA-HF trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin reduced the composite of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death by 26% in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, with consistent benefit observed in both those with and without type 2 diabetes, establishing SGLT2 inhibition as a core therapy for HFrEF independent of glycaemic status.
A four-arm RCT finds combining training with a polyphenol supplement improves prediabetes markers most, with exercise the main driver. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A biomarker substudy finds empagliflozin modulates sirtuins and microRNAs after myocardial infarction, with a panel predicting recovery. PICO summary and expert commentary.
An RCT finds the AntiAGE-Biom probiotic does not lower HbA1c but shows a subgroup body-composition signal in type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
An RCT finds Chester Step Test-guided post-dinner exercise lowers postprandial glucose and variability in type 2 diabetes on exercise days. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A quasi-experimental study finds print-based education improves self-care in type 2 diabetes patients in Nigeria, without measuring glycaemic outcomes. PICO summary and commentary.
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