The CANVAS Programme demonstrated that canagliflozin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 14% in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, but identified an approximately twofold increase in lower-extremity amputation risk, primarily at the toe or metatarsal level, requiring careful patient selection and monitoring.
The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death by 38% and heart failure hospitalisation by 35% in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease — the first glucose-lowering agent to show a mortality benefit in a cardiovascular outcomes trial.
A three-arm trial finds a non-diet, person-centred approach matches a hypocaloric diet on metabolic measures while improving mental well-being in women with obesity. PICO summary and commentary.
A four-arm trial finds combined training plus fisetin most improves adipokines and lipids in men with obesity, with exercise the main driver. PICO summary and commentary.
A crossover trial finds honey-sweetened yogurt does not change the primary inflammatory marker in postmenopausal women, with only a single secondary signal. PICO summary and commentary.
A three-year follow-up finds most people who reached diabetes remission via intermittent calorie restriction maintained it without ongoing intervention. PICO summary and commentary.
A large BMJ trial finds vitamin D before IVF raises blood levels but does not improve live birth rates in women with PCOS. PICO summary and expert commentary.
An RCT finds the weekly GLP-1 agonist PEG-Loxe produces large dose-dependent weight loss in super-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A feasibility study finds preliminary but non-significant physiological responses to weight stigma in women with obesity, while proving the method workable. PICO summary and commentary.
A four-arm trial finds functional training improves obesity markers in men, with spinach thylakoid supplementation adding little. PICO summary and expert commentary.
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