Metabolism
Obesity and weight management, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, MASLD/fatty liver, and nutrition and lifestyle evidence.
Can Exercise and Metformin Improve Muscle Health in Prediabetes?
A small 12-week MRI trial finds aerobic exercise improves muscle composition and achieves normoglycaemia in 80-90% of prediabetic adults versus 20% with metformin, with combination adding visceral-fat and muscle-size benefit. PICO summary and commentary.
Low-Carb High-PUFA vs Healthy Nordic Diet for Liver Fat in Type 2 Diabetes (NAFLDiet)
The NAFLDiet trial finds both a low-carb high-PUFA diet and a healthy Nordic diet reduce liver fat versus usual care, but only the Nordic diet also improves weight, HbA1c, triglycerides, and inflammation. PICO summary and commentary.
How Diet Macronutrient Composition Affects Exercise Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes
A small crossover study finds a high-carb diet shifts exercise fuel toward carbohydrate, while low-carb diets give more time in euglycaemia and less hyperglycaemia around fasted exercise in type 1 diabetes. PICO summary and commentary.
How does L-Citrulline affect vascular health and blood sugar in older adults with type 2 diabetes?
A small 4-week RCT finds L-citrulline 6 g/day improves endothelial function, leg arterial stiffness, and glucose in type 2 diabetes, in both fasted and acute-hyperglycaemic states. PICO summary and commentary.
Which training method is better for type 2 diabetes: combined aerobic and resistance training or high-intensity interval training?
A 12-week RCT finds both combined training and HIIT improve glucose, body composition, and quality of life in type 2 diabetes, with HIIT favouring fasting glucose and combined training favouring insulin resistance and wellbeing. PICO summary and commentary.
Does Semaglutide’s Cardiovascular Benefit Depend on Weight Loss in the SELECT Trial?
A prespecified SELECT analysis finds semaglutide's cardiovascular benefit is largely independent of weight loss, with only a third mediated by waist reduction. PICO summary and commentary.
What Are the Baseline Characteristics of the Survodutide SYNCHRONIZE-1 Obesity Trial?
SYNCHRONIZE-1 reports baseline characteristics of a phase 3 survodutide obesity trial; efficacy results are pending. PICO summary and expert commentary.