Evidence summaries for obesity and weight management, including lifestyle trials, pharmacotherapy, bariatric/metabolic outcomes, cardiometabolic risk, and long-term safety.
A 6-month randomized sub-analysis found that a multicomponent weight-loss program shifted gut microbiota and linked Faecalibacterium abundance to fat-mass loss, though causation was not established. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A small non-randomised secondary analysis comparing home- and gym-based exercise in older adults with obesity during COVID-19 lockdowns, with PICO summary and expert commentary.
A 30-participant pilot randomised trial of an 8-week intensive exercise protocol versus diet plus brisk walking in young adults with obesity, with PICO summary and expert commentary.
A secondary analysis of a 6-month randomized trial found that higher baseline weight-loss self-efficacy predicted at least 5% weight loss in both diet arms, with BMI and age as arm-specific predictors. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A 7-week double-blind RCT found aripiprazole caused significantly less weight gain than risperidone in schizophrenia, with appetite changes as an early metabolic signal. PICO summary and expert commentary.
UKPDS 34 demonstrated that metformin reduces diabetes-related endpoints, death, and all-cause mortality by 32–42% in overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, with superior cardiovascular outcomes compared with sulphonylurea or insulin, establishing metformin as the preferred first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes for the subsequent three decades.
An RCT reports HIIT plus mindfulness breathing improves metabolic, hormonal, and tumour-marker profiles in obese postmenopausal women. PICO summary and critical expert commentary.
A three-arm RCT shows adding a high-protein, low-GI diet to training cuts IL-6 and hs-CRP and improves insulin sensitivity in men with abdominal obesity. PICO summary and commentary.
An RCT finds water delivery plus parental coaching shifts beverage habits but not BMI in youth on antipsychotics. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
A Lancet phase 2 RCT finds once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg reduces heavy drinking days in alcohol use disorder with obesity. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
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