The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death by 38% and heart failure hospitalisation by 35% in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease — the first glucose-lowering agent to show a mortality benefit in a cardiovascular outcomes trial.
Browsing: Landmark Trials in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Practice-changing landmark trials in endocrinology and metabolism, organized for rapid clinical review, exam preparation, teaching, and evidence-based patient care.
A crossover trial finds honey-sweetened yogurt does not change the primary inflammatory marker in postmenopausal women, with only a single secondary signal. PICO summary and commentary.
A large BMJ trial finds vitamin D before IVF raises blood levels but does not improve live birth rates in women with PCOS. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A sham-controlled, blinded RCT finds electroacupuncture modestly reduces BMI and improves metabolic markers and quality of life in obese PCOS, sustained to 24 weeks. PICO summary and commentary.
A secondary analysis of the Minnesota Green Tea Trial finds high-dose green tea extract does not reduce inflammatory markers in overweight postmenopausal women, a robust null result. PICO summary and commentary.
A 24-week RCT finds neither a low-carbohydrate nor a Mediterranean diet significantly changes bone turnover markers in young people with type 1 diabetes, an exploratory null result. PICO summary and commentary.
An open-label RCT finds combining metformin and liraglutide reduces weight, visceral fat, and free testosterone more than metformin alone in PCOS, with a rat study suggesting a gut-microbiota mechanism. PICO summary and commentary.
A prospective RCT finds an improved ultrasound-guided RFA protocol with hydrodissection achieves higher clinical success and far less recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in secondary hyperparathyroidism. PICO summary and commentary.
A small crossover study finds high- and moderate-intensity interval exercise equally reduce post-meal triglycerides in postmenopausal women, with moderate intensity better tolerated. PICO summary and commentary.
A small RCT finds preoperative calcium and magnesium before thyroidectomy yields numerically lower hypocalcaemia and earlier recovery in Graves’ patients, but the differences were not significant. PICO summary and commentary.