Summary: In women aged 18–45 years with overweight and class I obesity (BMI 25.5–35), an energy-restricted Mediterranean-type ketogenic diet (KD) significantly altered amino acid metabolism, increasing α-aminobutyric acid and BCAAs, while reducing alanine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan levels compared to a standard isocaloric diet, though it was associated with higher urinary excretion of BCAAs and β-aminoisobutyric acid. PICO Description Population Women aged 18–45 years with a BMI of 25.5–35 kg/m² (overweight or class I obesity), without chronic diseases. Intervention Eight-week, energy-restricted, Mediterranean-type ketogenic diet (~1750 kcal/day) provided via food catering, aiming to modulate protein and amino acid metabolism. Comparison Standard…
Author: FWA
Summary: In older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern (as reflected by lower energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index [E-DII] scores) significantly increased gut microbiota alpha diversity and was associated with favorable microbial genera, faecal metabolites, and metabolomic networks compared to pro-inflammatory dietary patterns (higher E-DII scores), though it was associated with no significant adverse effects reported. PICO Description Population Older adults (mean age 65 ± 5 years, 47% women) with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome participating in the PREDIMED-Plus randomized clinical trial. Intervention Longitudinal adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet, indicated by a lower energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory…
Summary: In adults aged 19–65 years with elevated stress and excess body weight, Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract 300 mg twice daily significantly reduced body weight, BMI, stress levels, food cravings, and improved quality of life compared to placebo (identical capsule taken twice daily), though it was associated with mild adverse events such as nausea, abdominal pain, and drowsiness. PICO Description Population Adults aged 19–65 years experiencing elevated levels of psychological stress and excess body weight. Intervention Ashwagandha root extract (Withania somnifera), 300 mg administered twice daily for 24 weeks. Comparison Identical placebo administered twice daily for the same duration…
Summary: In adults with severe obesity, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (Bypass) significantly improved weight loss and quality of life compared to adjustable gastric banding (Band) and sleeve gastrectomy (Sleeve), though it was associated with a higher rate of adverse events than Sleeve. PICO Description Population Adults with BMI ≥35 kg/m² with comorbidity or BMI ≥40 kg/m² without comorbidity who were eligible for bariatric surgery at 12 NHS hospitals in the UK. Intervention Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (462 participants), a form of bariatric surgery intended to reduce excess weight and improve quality of life. Comparison Adjustable gastric banding (464 participants) and sleeve gastrectomy…
Summary: In overweight and obese adults, standardized extracts of Dichrostachys glomerata and Cissus quadrangularis significantly increased GLP-1 secretion, reduced DPP-4 activity, and improved metabolic parameters compared to placebo and were comparable in effect to daily semaglutide (3–14 mg), though it was associated with no notable adverse effects reported. PICO Description Population 248 overweight or obese adults (BMI 25–34.9 kg/m²; mean age 41.3 ± 0.3 years) participating in a 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Intervention Daily oral administration of 400 mg Dichrostachys glomerata extract (DGE) or 300 mg Cissus quadrangularis extract (CQE). Comparison Placebo group and semaglutide group (dose-escalated from 3…
Summary: In sedentary overweight and obese women, metabolically guided moderate-intensity intermittent walking combined with whole-food, plant-based nutrition significantly reduced body fat, improved fat metabolism, and enhanced submaximal aerobic capacity compared to low-intensity continuous training (RER ≈ 0.75) and high-intensity continuous training (RER ≈ 0.95), though it was associated with no reported adverse effects. PICO Description Population Sedentary overweight and obese adult women (mean age 43 years, BMI ~30.1 kg·m⁻²). Intervention Metabolically guided moderate-intensity intermittent walking (RER ≈ 0.85), five sessions per week (15–50 min/session), combined with a whole-food, plant-based diet with ~200 kcal/day energy deficit. Comparison Low-intensity continuous training (LICT;…
Summary: In people living with severe obesity receiving group-based care, a structured training programme for healthcare professionals (PROGROUP) significantly improved intervention delivery fidelity and facilitator confidence compared to no formal or unstructured training, though it was associated with challenges in attendance and highlighted the need for more flexible, self-directed formats. PICO Description Population Healthcare professionals delivering group-based weight management interventions to patients living with severe obesity within UK specialist services. Intervention PROGROUP 4-day remote training programme incorporating theoretical education, communication and facilitation skills, and behaviour change strategies. Comparison Implicit comparison to non-standardized or unstructured training approaches lacking process evaluation feedback…
Summary: In obese adults, gallic acid supplementation (200 mg/day) combined with physical training significantly reduced waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and skinfold thickness, with trends toward increased fat-free mass and improved albumin levels compared to placebo and/or no exercise, though it was associated with no reported adverse effects. PICO Description Population Adults classified as eutrophic or obese, stratified into trained and untrained groups for a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Intervention Oral supplementation of gallic acid at 200 mg/day in combination with a structured physical training regimen over 12 weeks. Comparison Placebo supplementation with or without physical training; comparisons made…
Summary: In patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy (CKD stages III-IV), Pentoxifylline (400 mg every 8 hours) significantly reduced microalbuminuria, preserved renal function, and improved cardiac morphology compared to placebo, though it was associated with no significant adverse events. PICO Description Population Adults with chronic kidney disease stages III-IV due to diabetic nephropathy. Intervention Pentoxifylline 400 mg administered orally every 8 hours, over a 12-month period. Comparison Matching placebo treatment group over the same duration. Outcome At both 6 and 12 months, pentoxifylline significantly reduced microalbuminuria (up to -43.18 mg/24h at 12 months, p < 0.001), stabilized or improved eGFR (mean…
Summary: In patients with obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), electroacupuncture (EA) significantly reduced body mass index (BMI), improved metabolic and reproductive parameters, and enhanced quality of life compared to sham electroacupuncture treatment over 12 weeks, though it was associated with no serious adverse effects. PICO Description Population 106 women aged 18–45 years diagnosed with obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Intervention Electroacupuncture (EA) applied over a 12-week schedule: 3 sessions/week (Weeks 1–4), 2 sessions/week (Weeks 5–8), and 1 session/week (Weeks 9–12); total 24 sessions. Comparison Sham electroacupuncture (SA) administered on the same schedule as EA for control comparison. Outcome EA significantly…