Summary: In women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilisation, vitamin D supplementation (4000 IU/day for up to 90 days) did not significantly improve live birth rates after the first embryo transfer compared to placebo, though it was associated with increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels without notable adverse effects. PICO Description Population Women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment. Intervention Vitamin D supplementation at a dose of 4000 IU per day for up to 90 days prior to IVF. Comparison Placebo administration with no vitamin D supplementation. Outcome Vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin…
Author: FWA
Summary: In super-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), weekly polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) treatment significantly reduced body weight and improved metabolic outcomes compared to placebo, with greater effects observed at the 400 μg dose versus 300 μg, though it was associated with higher rates of gastrointestinal side effects. PICO Description Population Adults with super-obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in a single-center randomized controlled trial. Intervention Weekly subcutaneous injections of polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) at 300 μg or 400 μg for 24 weeks. Comparison Placebo group receiving weekly injections over the same time frame (24 weeks). Outcome…
Summary: In women living with obesity, exposure to a weight stigmatising experimental paradigm significantly increased plasma cortisol, systolic blood pressure, self-reported stress and hunger, and decreased peptide YY and reported fullness compared to those exposed to a non-weight stigmatising paradigm, though it was associated with no statistically significant differences between groups due to limited sample size. PICO Description Population Adult women living with obesity (n=18; mean BMI = 45.8 kg/m2; mean age 43.2 years) recruited for a randomised feasibility trial. Intervention Exposure to a 15-minute weight stigmatising paradigm designed to induce acute psychological stress related to weight stigma. Comparison Exposure…
Summary: In men with obesity, a 12-week High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) program significantly improved plasma adipo-myokine levels, body composition, and insulin sensitivity compared to placebo and supplement-only groups, though it was associated with no clinically significant side effects. Thylakoid supplementation showed modest, non-superior complementary effects on select myokines. PICO Description Population Sixty men with obesity (mean age 27.6 ± 8.4 years; BMI 32.6 ± 2.6 kg/m²). Intervention 12 weeks of High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT), 3 sessions/week (Borg scale: 15–17), with or without spinach thylakoid supplementation. Comparison Placebo group (PG), supplement-only group (SG), and HIFT + placebo (TPG) vs. HIFT +…
Summary: In adults without diabetes more than one year following sleeve gastrectomy (SG), consumption of a moderate, fat-dominant preload (28 g Brazil nuts) did not significantly alter postprandial nadir glucose or overall glycaemic excursion compared to a water preload (100 mL), though it was associated with higher peak insulin concentrations and elevated pre-meal GLP-1 levels. PICO Description Population Ten adults without diabetes, more than one year post-sleeve gastrectomy (SG), undergoing mixed-meal tolerance tests. Intervention Preload of 28 g Brazil nuts (moderate, fat-dominant meal) consumed 30 minutes prior to the mixed meal. Comparison Control condition with 100 mL water consumed 30…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), early administration of empagliflozin (EMPA) significantly modulated NLRP3-related inflammatory and senescence pathways in monocyte-derived macrophages compared to delayed treatment or no EMPA treatment, though it was associated with timing-dependent anti-inflammatory effects without major adverse side effects reported in this ex-vivo analysis. PICO Description Population Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who experienced acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with monocyte-derived macrophages isolated for ex-vivo inflammatory stimulation. Intervention Early administration of empagliflozin (EMPA) targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and senescence pathways in macrophages shortly after AMI. Comparison Delayed EMPA administration…
Summary: In elite male endurance athletes, carbohydrate restriction with high-fat intake (LCHF) significantly increased perturbations in lipid-based metabolic pathways compared to short-term low energy availability (LEA) and high carbohydrate/high energy intake (HCHO), though it was associated with potential elevations of acylcarnitine intermediates and altered fatty acid metabolism. PICO Description Population Elite male endurance athletes participating in a 5-day controlled dietary trial. Intervention Low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet with matched energy content. Comparison Low energy availability (LEA: energy-restricted, CHO-reduced) and high energy-high carbohydrate (HCHO) conditions. Outcome The LCHF group exhibited pronounced metabolic shifts post-exercise, including elevations in fatty acyls, hydroxy acids, dicarboxylic…
Summary: In overweight adults aged 19–65 years with BMI 25–30 kg/m² and elevated waist circumference, CKDB-322 supplementation (1.0 × 109 CFU of L. plantarum Q180 and 200 mg of P. tricornutum daily) significantly reduced body fat mass, abdominal adiposity, body weight, triglycerides, and leptin levels compared to placebo, though it was associated with no clinically significant adverse events or laboratory abnormalities. PICO Description Population Overweight adults aged 19–65 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 25–30 kg/m² and waist circumference ≥90 cm for men or ≥85 cm for women. Intervention Daily oral supplementation with CKDB-322 containing 1.0 × 109…
Summary: In adults with obesity, a hypocaloric ketogenic diet significantly reduced BMI, fat mass, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol compared to 16:8 time-restricted feeding and 5:2 alternate-day fasting, though it was associated with limited early orexin-A elevation compared to time-restricted eating. PICO Description Population Adults (n=30) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) enrolled in a 12-month randomized controlled dietary intervention trial. Intervention Hypocaloric ketogenic diet (KD) followed daily for 12 months with structured dietary logging and adherence monitoring. Comparison 16:8 time-restricted feeding (TRF16:8) and 5:2 alternate-day fasting (ADF5:2), both with equal duration and monitored adherence. Outcome The ketogenic diet led…
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes who achieved initial weight loss following lifestyle intervention, sustained adherence to healthier dietary patterns (e.g., DASH, diets high in fruits, vegetables, and fish) significantly reduced the risk of weight regain over three years compared to those whose diets shifted toward lower quality patterns (high-fat animal protein, low-fiber grains, and increased sweets), though it was associated with sex-specific differences in sweet consumption trends. PICO Description Population 552 adults (mean age 60 ± 1.0 years; mean BMI 33.8 ± 0.4 kg/m²) with type 2 diabetes from the Look AHEAD trial who achieved ≥7% weight loss…