Summary: In primary school-aged children in China, a multi-component, App-assisted obesity prevention programme (DECIDE-Children) significantly reduced BMI, BMI Z-score, body fat percentage, and waist circumference and yielded cost-effective QALY gains compared to usual school-based health education, though it was associated with modest implementation costs (USD 19.53/student) and a cost-benefit ratio of 0.84. PICO Description Population Children aged 8–10 years attending 24 primary schools across three socioeconomically distinct regions in China. Intervention The DECIDE-Children intervention: a 1-year, school-, family-, and digitally integrated obesity prevention programme supported by a mobile app for health education, behavior tracking, and weight management feedback. Comparison Usual…
Author: FWA
Summary: In hemodialysis (HD) patients, supplementation with a food for special medical purposes (FFSMP) containing free-form branched-chain amino acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and zinc significantly increased muscle thickness and fat-free mass, while reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory markers compared to placebo supplementation over 12 weeks (10 g/day in two sachets), though it was associated with no major adverse effects. PICO Description Population Adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD), experiencing muscle wasting and chronic inflammation. Intervention Supplementation with an FFSMP composed of free-form branched-chain amino acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and zinc (10 g/day; two sachets) for 12 weeks. Comparison Placebo supplementation for the same duration,…
Summary: In older Australian adults aged 60–84 years, monthly supplementation with 60,000 IU of vitamin D3 did not significantly reduce the incidence of placebo group participants, though it was associated with no notable side effects. PICO Description Population Community-dwelling Australians aged 60–84 years, mostly vitamin D-replete at baseline. Intervention Monthly oral supplementation with 60,000 IU of vitamin D3. Comparison Placebo group receiving no active vitamin D supplementation. Outcome No significant effect on incidence of hypertension (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.93–1.08), hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.97–1.13), or type 2 diabetes (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.84–1.12) over a median 4.6-year follow-up.…
Summary: In patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, intraoperative ischemic preconditioning of the parathyroid glands (IPCP) did not significantly reduce postoperative hypoparathyroidism compared to standard surgery without preconditioning, though it was associated with a higher rate of early parathyroid function recovery, which warrants further investigation. PICO Description Population Patients (n = 135) undergoing total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection for differentiated thyroid carcinoma at a single center. Intervention Intraoperative ischemic preconditioning of the parathyroid glands (IPCP), performed by three cycles of 60-second arterial occlusion followed by 60-second reperfusion. Comparison Standard surgical procedure without ischemic…
The CANVAS Programme demonstrated that canagliflozin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 14% in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, but identified an approximately twofold increase in lower-extremity amputation risk, primarily at the toe or metatarsal level, requiring careful patient selection and monitoring.
The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death by 38% and heart failure hospitalisation by 35% in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease — the first glucose-lowering agent to show a mortality benefit in a cardiovascular outcomes trial.
Summary: In obese women receiving primary care, a multicomponent, non-caloric-restriction-based intervention (NutrirCom) significantly improved psychoemotional outcomes (reduced anxiety and depression, increased self-compassion) compared to a conventional hypocaloric diet (500–1000 kcal/day), though it was associated with no reported adverse side effects. PICO Description Population Women with obesity enrolled from primary health care units in Viçosa, Brazil (n = 89), experiencing elevated psychoemotional burden. Intervention A multicomponent, person-centered approach (NutrirCom), integrating nutritional, psychoemotional, behavioral, and social interventions without focusing on caloric restriction. Group 2 received individual sessions; Group 3 received both individual sessions and monthly group meetings for social support. Comparison Group…
Summary: In sedentary obese adult men (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), 12 weeks of combined interval resistance and progressive aerobic training supplemented with fisetin (200 mg/day) significantly reduced pro-inflammatory adipokines (asprosin: −60.71%; MCP-1: −46.50%), improved adiponectin (+27.67%), leptin, and lipid profiles compared to placebo, exercise-alone, or fisetin-alone groups, though it was associated with no reported adverse effects. PICO Description Population Sixty sedentary adult men with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) who were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. Intervention Combined interval resistance-aerobic exercise (3× weekly; 60% 1RM resistance and 50–70% HRmax aerobic activity) plus fisetin supplementation at 200 mg/day for…
Summary: In healthy postmenopausal women, daily intake of yogurt sweetened with clover blossom honey significantly reduced plasma IL-33 levels compared to sugar-sweetened yogurt (isocaloric), though it was associated with no significant changes in IL-23, plasma lipids, bile acids, or fecal SCFAs. PICO Description Population Healthy postmenopausal women aged 45–65 years. Intervention Daily consumption of yogurt (2 × 150 g servings for breakfast) sweetened with one tablespoon of clover blossom honey for four weeks. Comparison Isocaloric yogurt servings sweetened with added sugar (same amount of calories and volume) over a four-week period in a randomized crossover design. Outcome No significant change…
Summary: In individuals with type 2 diabetes and normal BMI, a three-month Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) involving intermittent energy restriction significantly maintained diabetes remission over three years compared to no intervention (control group), though it was associated with no major reported side effects. PICO Description Population Adults with type 2 diabetes who attained diabetes remission and a normal BMI (below 24 kg/m²) through an initial dietary intervention. Intervention Three-month CMNT consisting of six cycles of five days of 840 kcal/day energy restriction followed by ten days of ad libitum eating, followed by 3 years of self-guided diet per national…