Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin, addition of sitagliptin to ongoing metformin therapy significantly improved metabolic profile, pancreatic function, and normalized inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18) compared to metformin monotherapy, though it was associated with some mild side effects without serious adverse events reported. PICO Description Population Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy. Intervention Addition of sitagliptin to ongoing metformin treatment at standard therapeutic doses. Comparison Continued metformin monotherapy without sitagliptin. Outcome Significant improvement in pancreatic function and glucose homeostasis; reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18); potential…
Author: FWA
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists, Control-IQ+ automated insulin delivery (AID) significantly reduced HbA1c levels and insulin use without weight gain compared to standard insulin therapy plus GLP-1 receptor agonists, though it was associated with no increase in adverse events reported. PICO Description Population Adults with type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin therapy and concomitant GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment. Intervention Automated insulin delivery using the Control-IQ+ system added to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy. Comparison Conventional insulin therapy combined with GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment. Outcome The Control-IQ+ AID group demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by cognitive decline, Huayu Tongluo moxibustion therapy targeting specific acupuncture points demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive function scores and reduced insulin resistance indices compared to standard care or placebo treatment without moxibustion, with good tolerability with only minor adverse events such as mild skin irritation at treatment sites. PICO Description Population Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by cognitive decline. Intervention Huayu Tongluo moxibustion therapy administered according to standardized treatment protocols, targeting specific acupuncture points believed to influence cognitive function and metabolic health. Comparison Standard care or placebo treatment…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes, personalized exercise prescription based on the Chester Step Test (CST) significantly reduced glycemic variability compared to standard care under free-living conditions, though it was associated with no significant adverse side effects reported. PICO Description Population Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) managing glycemic control under free-living conditions. Intervention Personalized exercise prescription developed using the Chester Step Test (CST) to tailor physical activity. Comparison Standard diabetes care without individualized exercise plans or generic exercise recommendations under free-living conditions. Outcome The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in glycemic variability, indicating improved glucose…
Summary: In patients with diabetes or prediabetes identified through electronic health records (EHR) recruitment, invitation and recruitment into a physical activity behavioral trial demonstrated lower participation rates among males, Hispanics, and Spanish speakers compared to females, non-Hispanics, and English speakers compared to differences across demographic groups including sex, ethnicity, and language, with no significant differences related to neighborhood deprivation levels. PICO Description Population Patients with diabetes or prediabetes identified through electronic health records (EHR) recruitment. Intervention Invitation and recruitment into a physical activity behavioral trial targeting patients with diabetes or prediabetes. Comparison Differences in recruitment participation rates across demographic groups…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes attending selected tertiary hospitals in Southwest Nigeria, a print-based educational intervention (leaflet) significantly improved self-care practices compared to routine diabetes education alone, though no major side effects were reported. PICO Description Population Patients with type 2 diabetes receiving care at selected tertiary hospitals in Southwest Nigeria. Intervention Print-based educational intervention delivered as leaflets aimed at enhancing self-care practices. Comparison Routine diabetes education without supplemental print-based materials. Outcome The print-based educational intervention significantly improved patients’ self-care practices related to diabetes management. No significant adverse effects were reported. Source: Bukola Beatrice Howells, et al. “Assessing…
Summary: In patients with diabetes receiving care in primary healthcare institutions, personalized patient education using the CAPDCA (collection-assessment-plan-do-check-aggrandizement) iterative model demonstrated significantly enhanced glycemic control, improved medication adherence, and better quality of life measures compared to standard or usual care without structured personalized education programs, with no significant adverse effects and scalability for widespread implementation. PICO Description Population Patients diagnosed with diabetes receiving care in primary healthcare institutions. Intervention Personalized patient education using the collection-assessment-plan-do-check-aggrandizement (CAPDCA) iterative model that tailors educational content to individual patient needs, preferences, and circumstances. Comparison Standard or usual care without structured personalized education programs. Outcome…
Summary: In women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined aerobic and resistance training along with astaxanthin supplementation significantly improved oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, metabolic indices, and modulated redox-sensitive miRNAs (miRNA-122, miRNA-126-3p, miRNA-146a) and Humanin expression compared to control groups without intervention or with either intervention alone, though it was associated with mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some participants. PICO Description Population Women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Intervention Combined aerobic and resistance training (CT) plus astaxanthin (AST) supplementation administered concurrently over the study period. Comparison Control groups receiving no intervention, CT alone, or…
Summary: In adults with overweight or obesity who received oral vancomycin for seven days, oral supplementation with 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) for eight weeks following vancomycin treatment demonstrated significantly enhanced gut microbial resilience at two weeks and reduced fasting plasma IL-6 concentrations at eight weeks compared to placebo supplementation for eight weeks following the same vancomycin course, with no sustained differences in microbial composition or metabolic markers at end of intervention. PICO Description Population Adults with overweight or obesity who received oral vancomycin for seven days. Intervention Oral supplementation with 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a human milk oligosaccharide, for eight weeks following vancomycin treatment.…
Clinical Context The treatment of type 2 diabetes increasingly involves both pharmacological agents and dietary interventions, yet the optimal combination of these approaches remains an active area of investigation. GLP-1 receptor agonists like dulaglutide have become cornerstone therapies for type 2 diabetes, providing HbA1c reductions of 1.0-1.5% along with meaningful weight loss. Simultaneously, low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets have gained attention for their ability to reduce glucose variability, lower insulin requirements, and promote weight loss through carbohydrate restriction. The ketogenic diet—typically defined as carbohydrate intake below 50g daily (or 5-10% of calories)—induces a metabolic shift toward fat oxidation and ketone body…