A proof-of-concept crossover study finds a fat preload does not change postprandial glucose after sleeve gastrectomy, but raises insulin. PICO summary and commentary.
An ex-vivo study finds early empagliflozin dampens NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages from post-MI diabetic patients, a mechanistic signal. PICO summary and commentary.
A metabolomics study finds low-carb high-fat diets perturb lipid metabolites more than energy restriction in elite athletes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A 12-week double-blind RCT finds a probiotic-microalgae supplement (CKDB-322) reduces body fat, abdominal fat, triglycerides, and leptin in overweight adults; the study was manufacturer-conducted. PICO summary and commentary.
A small 12-month RCT finds a ketogenic diet gives the largest sustained metabolic improvements while 16:8 time-restricted eating most consistently raises orexin-A; the orexin-A findings are exploratory. PICO summary and commentary.
A secondary analysis of Look AHEAD finds adults who regained weight showed greater declines in diet quality over 3 years than maintainers, an associational finding emphasising sustained dietary quality. PICO summary and commentary.
An 8-week RCT finds a ketogenic diet alters amino acid metabolism in women with overweight, raising branched-chain and α-aminobutyric acids; these are mechanistic biomarker changes, not clinical outcomes. PICO summary and commentary.
An observational analysis nested in PREDIMED-Plus finds older adults with lower dietary inflammatory potential show greater gut microbiota diversity and distinct profiles, an associational finding. PICO summary and commentary.
A 24-week RCT reports ashwagandha root extract reduces weight, BMI, stress, and food cravings versus placebo; the large weight-loss magnitude for an adaptogen supplement warrants cautious interpretation. PICO summary and commentary.
The large UK By-Band-Sleeve RCT finds gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy outperform gastric banding for weight loss and quality of life at 3 years, with bypass giving greater weight loss than sleeve and best cost-effectiveness. PICO summary and commentary.
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