Therapeutics
Drug-class and individual-agent evidence: GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and the major trials behind semaglutide, tirzepatide, and related therapies.
Tirzepatide Benefits in Obese HFpEF Consistent Regardless of Diabetes Status: SUMMIT Subanalysis
A prespecified SUMMIT analysis finds tirzepatide reduces heart-failure events in obese HFpEF regardless of diabetes status, despite less weight loss with diabetes. PICO summary and commentary.
Does Enavogliflozin Improve Adipokines Independent of Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes?
A phase-3 secondary analysis finds enavogliflozin lowers leptin independent of weight in type 2 diabetes, while the adiponectin rise was weight-dependent. PICO summary and commentary.
Does Dapagliflozin Improve Coronary Blood Flow in Diabetes? DAPAHEART 4-Year Follow-up
The 4-year DAPAHEART follow-up finds dapagliflozin raises coronary flow reserve by 34% and reduces epicardial fat, apparently independent of weight loss. PICO summary and commentary.
Is Dapagliflozin Safe in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes?
A prespecified DARE-19 analysis found dapagliflozin was safe and well tolerated in hospitalised COVID-19 patients regardless of type 2 diabetes status, with no demonstrated efficacy benefit. PICO summary and expert commentary.
Which Add-On Works Better: Empagliflozin or Sitagliptin?
A double-blind RCT finds empagliflozin gives broader cardiometabolic benefit than sitagliptin or metformin as add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and commentary.
Does Dapagliflozin Improve Heart Outcomes After a Heart Attack?
A DAPA-MI subanalysis finds dapagliflozin reduces new-onset diabetes after heart attack regardless of glucose or BMI, with most symptom benefit in prediabetes. PICO summary and commentary.
Does Tirzepatide Improve Insulin Function in People With Obesity?
A SURMOUNT-1 analysis finds tirzepatide improves insulin sensitivity (mostly via weight loss) and beta-cell function (mostly drug-driven) in obesity without diabetes. PICO summary and commentary.
Does Early Weight Loss Predict Long-Term Results with Tirzepatide?
A SURMOUNT-1 analysis finds 90% of early non-responders to tirzepatide still reached 5% weight loss by week 72, supporting extending treatment. PICO summary and commentary.