Diet, physical activity, behavioural and lifestyle interventions for metabolic and endocrine health.
A small 12-week MRI trial finds aerobic exercise improves muscle composition and achieves normoglycaemia in 80-90% of prediabetic adults versus 20% with metformin, with combination adding visceral-fat and muscle-size benefit. PICO summary and commentary.
The NAFLDiet trial finds both a low-carb high-PUFA diet and a healthy Nordic diet reduce liver fat versus usual care, but only the Nordic diet also improves weight, HbA1c, triglycerides, and inflammation. PICO summary and commentary.
A small crossover study finds a high-carb diet shifts exercise fuel toward carbohydrate, while low-carb diets give more time in euglycaemia and less hyperglycaemia around fasted exercise in type 1 diabetes. PICO summary and commentary.
A small 4-week RCT finds L-citrulline 6 g/day improves endothelial function, leg arterial stiffness, and glucose in type 2 diabetes, in both fasted and acute-hyperglycaemic states. PICO summary and commentary.
A 12-week RCT finds both combined training and HIIT improve glucose, body composition, and quality of life in type 2 diabetes, with HIIT favouring fasting glucose and combined training favouring insulin resistance and wellbeing. PICO summary and commentary.
An 8-week RCT finds a hibiscus-inulin shot produces small reductions in lipid-glucose indices in overweight adults, but the authors stress these reflect analytical responsiveness, not proven clinical benefit. PICO summary and commentary.
A feasibility pilot finds remote walking coaching is acceptable and mitigates late-pregnancy activity decline in pregnancy hyperglycaemia, with only a preliminary suggestion of neonatal benefit. PICO summary and commentary.
A small crossover study finds high- and moderate-intensity interval exercise equally reduce post-meal triglycerides in postmenopausal women, with moderate intensity better tolerated. PICO summary and commentary.
An RCT finds HIIT combined with a dietitian-designed diet improves body composition, cardiovascular and endothelial function, and lipids more than exercise alone in overweight children. PICO summary and commentary.
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