Summary: In African American adults at risk for type 2 diabetes, adherence to unmodified dietary patterns from the United States Dietary Guidelines (Healthy US, Mediterranean, Vegetarian) significantly highlighted the need for culturally relevant adaptations and elicited both barriers and facilitators to dietary change compared to standard USDG implementation without cultural contextualization, though it was associated with limited cultural relevance and acceptability in this population. PICO Description Population African American adults (n=42), aged 26–65 years, residing in the Southeastern United States, participating in a 12-week dietary intervention aimed at reducing type 2 diabetes risk. Intervention Adoption of one of three unmodified…
Author: FWA
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a ketogenic diet combined with dulaglutide significantly improved glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced insulin resistance, and enhanced sleep quality and overall quality of life compared to dulaglutide treatment alone, though it was associated with no significant reported side effects. PICO Description Population Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=104), managed in a randomized study setting. Intervention Combination therapy of dulaglutide plus a ketogenic diet administered for 6 months. Comparison Treatment with dulaglutide alone without dietary modification. Outcome The combination therapy led to significantly lower blood glucose and lipid levels (P<0.05), improved…
Summary: In pregnant women receiving betamethasone between 24.0 and 36.5 weeks gestation, metformin therapy (425 mg three times daily before meals and 850–1700 mg at 10 pm for up to 48 hours) significantly reduced maternal glucose levels and the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia compared to no treatment, though it was associated with mild gastrointestinal side effects in 14% of participants. PICO Description Population Pregnant women (without diabetes) at 24.0–36.5 weeks of gestation who received betamethasone due to increased risk of preterm delivery. Intervention Metformin administered as 425 mg three times daily before meals and 850–1700 mg at 10 pm for…
Summary: In Medicaid-insured youth aged 8–17 newly prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medication (APM), a healthy lifestyle intervention involving biweekly bottled water delivery and parental phone support significantly increased water consumption and showed a short-term reduction in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake compared to basic healthy lifestyle education alone, though it was associated with no significant difference in BMI z-score increase between groups over six months. PICO Description Population Medicaid-insured youth (ages 8–17) recently started on second-generation antipsychotic medication for psychiatric treatment. Intervention Biweekly home-delivery of bottled water along with parental support via phone from a family navigator, aimed at improving hydration and…
Summary: In adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes, a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet did not significantly affect bone turnover markers compared to a Mediterranean (MED) diet, though it was associated with reduced calcium and magnesium intake and a significant decline in alkaline phosphatase levels. PICO Description Population Adolescents and young adults aged 12–21 years with type 1 diabetes. Intervention Low-carbohydrate (LC) diet intervention for 24 weeks (median carbohydrate intake: 86 g/day). Comparison Mediterranean (MED) diet over the same 24-week period (median carbohydrate intake: 130 g/day). Outcome No statistically significant changes in bone turnover markers (CTX, P1NP) were observed in…
Summary: In patients with alcohol use disorder and comorbid obesity, once-weekly semaglutide significantly reduced alcohol consumption and body weight compared to placebo, though it was associated with gastrointestinal side effects including nausea and vomiting. PICO Description Population Adults with treatment-seeking alcohol use disorder and comorbid obesity. Intervention Once-weekly semaglutide injection (dose not specified in summary). Comparison Placebo injections administered once weekly. Outcome Semaglutide significantly reduced alcohol consumption and body weight compared to placebo. Treatment was associated with increased incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting. Source: Klausen, Mette Kruse, et al. “Once-weekly semaglutide versus placebo in patients…
Summary: In patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment, adjunctive intravitreal dexamethasone implantation during vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade significantly reduced the progression of preretinal proliferation, incidence of macular epiretinal membrane, and improved visual outcomes compared to vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade alone, though it was associated with no notable adverse effects reported in the study. PICO Description Population Patients diagnosed with proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by retinal detachment undergoing vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade (N=30 patients, 34 eyes). Intervention Adjunctive intravitreal dexamethasone (Ozurdex) implantation administered after vitrectomy and prior to silicone oil tamponade. Comparison Standard treatment comprising vitrectomy…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes, a lifestyle-based health promotion intervention significantly improved health behaviours and reduced irrational health beliefs and dysfunctional eating behaviours compared to a control group receiving no treatment, though it was associated with no reported side effects. PICO Description Population Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (total n=90), selected through convenience sampling and randomized into groups. Intervention Eight 90-minute sessions of a lifestyle-based health promotion intervention delivered to the experimental group. Comparison A control group (n=45) that did not receive any form of treatment or intervention. Outcome The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in health-promoting…
Summary: In overweight or obese adults without chronic illness, short-term American black elderberry juice (EBJ) supplementation significantly enhanced transcriptional responses to meal intake and enriched pathways regulating metabolic flexibility compared to placebo (PL) beverage during a 5-week crossover trial, though it was associated with no significant adverse effects reported. PICO Description Population Overweight or obese adults (BMI >25 kg/m²) without chronic illnesses. Intervention American black elderberry juice (EBJ), consumed twice daily for one week in a randomized, crossover feeding trial. Comparison Placebo beverage consumed under identical conditions during a separate intervention week, with a washout period in between. Outcome EBJ…
Summary: In primary care patients with overweight or obesity, peer coaching as a low- to moderate-intensity intervention moderately increased early weight loss and engagement in weight management programs compared to enhanced usual care (educational material only), though it was associated with non-significant differences in overall weight loss at 12 months. PICO Description Population Adult veterans (mean age 50.6 years; 78.6% male) with a BMI ≥25 receiving care at a VA primary care site. Intervention Peer coaching program involving one in-person session, up to 12 phone calls, and use of a tablet-based goal-setting tool over 12 months. Comparison Enhanced usual care…