Practice-changing landmark trials in endocrinology and metabolism, organized for rapid clinical review, exam preparation, teaching, and evidence-based patient care.
UKPDS 33 established that intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylurea or insulin reduces microvascular complications by 25% in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes over 10 years with a 0.9% HbA1c differential, confirming the glucose hypothesis for type 2 diabetes microvascular disease and forming the foundational evidence for tight glycaemic management from diagnosis.
The EDIC study demonstrated that 6.5 years of intensive glycaemic therapy during the DCCT reduced cardiovascular events by 42–57% over 17 years of follow-up despite subsequent HbA1c convergence between groups, establishing the concept of metabolic memory and providing foundational evidence that early intensive glycaemic control produces durable cardiovascular protection extending decades beyond the intervention period.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial demonstrated that intensive insulin therapy targeting near-normal blood glucose reduced the risk of developing retinopathy by 76% in primary prevention and slowed progression by 54% in secondary intervention, while also substantially reducing nephropathy and neuropathy, establishing the foundational evidence for tight glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes.
A double-blind RCT finds vitamin D improves insulin secretion and HOMA-IR but not fasting glucose in women with prediabetes. PICO summary and clinical expert commentary.
An RCT reports HIIT plus mindfulness breathing improves metabolic, hormonal, and tumour-marker profiles in obese postmenopausal women. PICO summary and critical expert commentary.
An RCT finds low-carb and Mediterranean diets do not significantly alter bone turnover markers in young people with type 1 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
An RCT finds adding Tai Chi to time-restricted eating improves lipids and endothelial function in postmenopausal women. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
A translational study finds rhPTH(1-34) outperforms alendronate for bone density in diabetic osteoporosis, a low-turnover state. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
The SLowDOWN phase III RCT finds sitagliptin preserves hip bone density in women with type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
The Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study demonstrated that bariatric surgery is associated with a 29% reduction in adjusted all-cause mortality compared with conventional obesity treatment over an average 10.9 years of follow-up, with reductions in both cardiovascular and cancer deaths, providing the first prospective controlled evidence for the long-term survival benefit of surgical weight loss.
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