The INTE-COMM Lancet trial finds community-based care matches facility care for stable HIV, diabetes, and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa. PICO summary and expert commentary.
Browsing: Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, cardio-renal protection, hypertension, and lipid-lowering trials in diabetes and endocrinology.
A secondary analysis finds beetroot supplements improve fatty acid and oxidant markers in coronary artery disease, but only short-term surrogates. PICO summary and commentary.
The CREDENCE trial demonstrated that canagliflozin reduced the composite of end-stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine, or renal or cardiovascular death by 30% in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease, becoming the first dedicated renal outcomes trial to demonstrate that an SGLT2 inhibitor could substantially slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
The DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin did not reduce 3-point MACE compared with placebo but significantly reduced the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure, driven entirely by a 27% reduction in heart failure hospitalisation, in the largest and most broadly representative SGLT2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trial conducted to date.
The large D-Health trial finds monthly vitamin D does not prevent hypertension, high cholesterol, or type 2 diabetes in replete older adults. PICO summary and expert commentary.
The CANVAS Programme demonstrated that canagliflozin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 14% in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, but identified an approximately twofold increase in lower-extremity amputation risk, primarily at the toe or metatarsal level, requiring careful patient selection and monitoring.
The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death by 38% and heart failure hospitalisation by 35% in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease — the first glucose-lowering agent to show a mortality benefit in a cardiovascular outcomes trial.
An ex-vivo study finds early empagliflozin dampens NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages from post-MI diabetic patients, a mechanistic signal. PICO summary and commentary.
An RCT finds pentoxifylline reduces microalbuminuria, preserves eGFR, and improves left ventricular mass index over 12 months in advanced diabetic nephropathy, using surrogate endpoints. PICO summary and commentary.
A secondary analysis of the LeIKD trial finds longer endurance-exercise duration, more than intensity, improves fitness in older patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, with early engagement predicting adherence. PICO summary and commentary.