Drug-class and individual-agent evidence: GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and the major trials behind semaglutide, tirzepatide, and related therapies.
A small mechanistic RCT (n=34) found ertugliflozin did not increase proximal tubular natriuresis (the primary outcome) but did reduce fluid volume and blood pressure by week 12. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A small open-label randomised trial comparing dapagliflozin with insulin glargine as a fourth agent for glycaemic variability in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on triple therapy. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A decentralized n-of-1 crossover trial found dapagliflozin lowered the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio by 15.1% versus placebo over 1-week periods in 20 adults with type 2 diabetes, while demonstrating reliable remote sampling. PICO summary and expert commentary.
An open-label trial found that pioglitazone/metformin plus dapagliflozin did not beat basal insulin/metformin on its primary glycaemic endpoint, with secondary metabolic signals favouring the oral regimen. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A phase 2b randomized trial found that cotadutide reduced urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio versus placebo in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease, a surrogate signal requiring confirmation. PICO summary and expert commentary.
Design and baseline-cohort paper for the phase 3 ESSENCE trial of semaglutide 2.4 mg in biopsy-proven MASH with fibrosis stage 2 or 3; no efficacy outcomes are reported. PICO summary and expert commentary.
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