PICO

Does Time-Restricted Eating Improve Sleep, Mood, and Quality of Life?

A prespecified secondary analysis of a 12-week randomised trial found time-restricted eating did not change sleep, mood, or quality of life versus usual care in adults with overweight or obesity. PICO summary and expert commentary.

A 10-Week Plant-Based Programme Cut Weight, but Not Glycaemia, in a Predominantly Maori Cohort

A randomised waitlist-controlled trial of a 10-week whole-food plant-based community programme in a predominantly Maori cohort: weight fell by 3.3 kg versus control, but HbA1c, cholesterol and waist changes were not significant. PICO summary and expert commentary.

Oral Semaglutide 50 mg Reduces Energy Intake by 39% and Improves Appetite Control in Obesity: Mechanistic RCT

Diet Plus Exercise in Male Athletes With Type 2 Diabetes: A Small Four-Arm RCT

A small 12-week randomized controlled trial in male recreational athletes with type 2 diabetes found that only the combined diet plus exercise arm improved both glycemic and body-composition markers, with small effect sizes. PICO summary and expert commentary.

Do Cord-Blood Lipids in Gestational Diabetes Track With Children’s Insulin Health at Age 9?

A secondary analysis of a gestational-diabetes RCT (122 dyads) found cord-blood lipids, but not maternal lipids after correction, were associated with children's beta-cell function at age 9. PICO summary and expert commentary.

Does Semaglutide Improve Symptoms and Weight Loss in Both Men and Women With Obesity-Related HFpEF?

Home Telemedicine Plus Health-Belief Education in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: An RCT

A single-centre randomised trial testing home telemedicine with Health Belief Model education against conventional care for HbA1c in older adults with type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.

Does Exercise Type Affect Weight Loss After Gastric Bypass?

A 93-patient RCT found structured exercise after gastric bypass did not improve the primary 2-hour glucose endpoint but added modest weight and fat-mass loss. PICO summary and expert commentary.

Does Baseline IL-1β Predict MASLD Improvement After Weight Loss?

A small randomised trial finding that weight loss reduced IL-1β and MASLD comparably with liraglutide or lifestyle, and that baseline IL-1β predicted the extent of MASLD improvement. PICO summary and expert commentary.

Do Carb and Protein Types Affect Blood Sugar in Type 1 Diabetes?

Two acute randomized crossover trials found that neither dietary protein source nor carbohydrate glycaemic index significantly altered postprandial glucose in adults with type 1 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.