Diet, physical activity, behavioural and lifestyle interventions for metabolic and endocrine health.
A small 12-week randomized controlled trial in male recreational athletes with type 2 diabetes found that only the combined diet plus exercise arm improved both glycemic and body-composition markers, with small effect sizes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A secondary analysis of a gestational-diabetes RCT (122 dyads) found cord-blood lipids, but not maternal lipids after correction, were associated with children's beta-cell function at age 9. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A 93-patient RCT found structured exercise after gastric bypass did not improve the primary 2-hour glucose endpoint but added modest weight and fat-mass loss. PICO summary and expert commentary.
Two acute randomized crossover trials found that neither dietary protein source nor carbohydrate glycaemic index significantly altered postprandial glucose in adults with type 1 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
The NIGOHealth randomized trial found no effect of a low glycaemic index/slow digesting carbohydrate product on primary maternal glycaemia outcomes in obese pregnant women, with only a small secondary HbA1c difference. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A single-centre Chinese RCT found a mobile health lifestyle programme modestly reduced gestational weight gain and fasting glucose in overweight or obese pregnant women, with no effect on gestational diabetes incidence. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A randomised non-inferiority trial of a low-energy total diet replacement programme in people with type 2 diabetes at high eating-disorder risk: PICO summary and expert commentary.
A secondary analysis of the FINGER lifestyle trial found that baseline dysglycaemia, especially OGTT-derived measures, was associated with less favourable cognitive and brain changes, while HbA1c showed mixed results. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A secondary analysis of a Swedish RCT links higher engagement with a smartphone dietary-education app to modest dietary improvements, with no significant cardiometabolic marker changes, in adults with type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A 602-participant Taiwanese RCT found a single one-hour diabetes Conversation Map session modestly lowered three-month HbA1c, with the benefit mediated by diet rather than exercise. PICO summary and expert commentary.
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