In patients with type 2 diabetes, once-weekly semaglutide significantly improved beta-cell function and glycaemic control compared to placebo, enhancing both insulin secretion and reducing fasting and postprandial glucose levels, though it was associated with mild gastrointestinal side effects.
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Evidence summaries and landmark trials across type 1, type 2, prevention, glycaemic control, complications, and diabetes technology.
In insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin (± sulfonylureas), once-weekly semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c and promoted weight loss more effectively than daily insulin glargine, with a lower incidence of hypoglycaemia, though gastrointestinal side effects were more common.
In patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic therapy, once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg significantly improved HbA1c and reduced body weight more than once-weekly exenatide ER 2.0 mg over 56 weeks, with a higher rate of gastrointestinal side effects for semaglutide but more injection-site reactions for exenatide.
In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or thiazolidinediones, once-weekly semaglutide significantly improved glycaemic control and reduced body weight more effectively than daily sitagliptin, though with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately managed by diet and exercise alone, once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight compared to placebo, demonstrating a promising safety profile, though with mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, once-weekly semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) compared to placebo, though it was associated with a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy complications.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, once-weekly semaglutide significantly improved glycaemic control (HbA1c reduction) and reduced body weight in a dose-dependent manner compared to placebo, with efficacy at the highest doses surpassing that of daily liraglutide, though it was associated with gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes on diet and exercise or metformin, oral semaglutide significantly improved glycemic control (HbA1c reduction) and weight loss in a dose-dependent manner compared to placebo, with similar efficacy to subcutaneous semaglutide, though it was associated with higher rates of gastrointestinal side effects.