Diabetes and glycaemic-control evidence summaries covering HbA1c, glucose monitoring, medication comparisons, hypoglycaemia, patient-reported outcomes, and clinical interpretation.
In patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on SGLT-2 inhibitors, adding semaglutide significantly improved HbA1c and reduced body weight compared to placebo, though it was associated with an increased frequency of gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately managed on diet and exercise (with or without metformin), daily subcutaneous semaglutide significantly improved glycaemic control and promoted weight loss compared to both liraglutide and placebo, though it was associated with higher gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin, adding semaglutide significantly improved glycaemic control (HbA1c reduction) and weight loss compared to placebo, though it was associated with more gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight compared to dulaglutide at similar doses, though it was associated with higher gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide significantly improved HbA1c levels and reduced body weight compared to placebo over 26 weeks, showing comparable efficacy to subcutaneous semaglutide, though associated with mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, once-weekly semaglutide significantly improved beta-cell function and glycaemic control compared to placebo, enhancing both insulin secretion and reducing fasting and postprandial glucose levels, though it was associated with mild gastrointestinal side effects.
In insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin (± sulfonylureas), once-weekly semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c and promoted weight loss more effectively than daily insulin glargine, with a lower incidence of hypoglycaemia, though gastrointestinal side effects were more common.
In patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic therapy, once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg significantly improved HbA1c and reduced body weight more than once-weekly exenatide ER 2.0 mg over 56 weeks, with a higher rate of gastrointestinal side effects for semaglutide but more injection-site reactions for exenatide.
In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or thiazolidinediones, once-weekly semaglutide significantly improved glycaemic control and reduced body weight more effectively than daily sitagliptin, though with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately managed by diet and exercise alone, once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight compared to placebo, demonstrating a promising safety profile, though with mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal side effects.
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