A 52-week open-label randomized trial found once-weekly semaglutide reduced LDL cholesterol and shifted lipoprotein subfractions toward a less atherogenic profile versus sitagliptin in obese type 2 diabetes. PICO summary and expert commentary.
Browsing: Diabetes
Evidence summaries and landmark trials across type 1, type 2, prevention, glycaemic control, complications, and diabetes technology.
A secondary analysis of a 6-month randomized trial found that higher baseline weight-loss self-efficacy predicted at least 5% weight loss in both diet arms, with BMI and age as arm-specific predictors. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A 12-week randomised trial in older adults with type 2 diabetes testing whether combined aerobic plus resistance exercise improves sleep and abdominal fat. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A 453-patient non-inferiority trial found once-daily prolonged-release pregabalin worked about as well as immediate-release pregabalin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, with both beating placebo. PICO summary and expert commentary.
A three-arm RCT shows 24 g/day dietary fibre improves HbA1c and the FIB-4 fibrosis marker in type 2 diabetes with MASLD. PICO summary and expert commentary for clinicians.
CARDS demonstrated that atorvastatin 10 mg reduces major cardiovascular events by 37% and stroke by 48% in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal to mildly elevated LDL-cholesterol without prior CVD, confirming that cardiovascular risk rather than LDL level should determine statin initiation and establishing universal statin use in primary cardiovascular prevention for type 2 diabetes.
HPS demonstrated that simvastatin reduces major vascular events by 24% across all high-risk patients regardless of baseline LDL-cholesterol level, including those with diabetes without established coronary disease, eliminating the treatment threshold concept and establishing absolute cardiovascular risk as the primary criterion for statin therapy — one of the most influential results in preventive cardiology.
The DPPOS demonstrated that cumulative diabetes prevention from the DPP lifestyle intervention and metformin persists over 10 years from original randomisation, with 34% and 18% reductions in cumulative diabetes incidence despite post-DPP convergence of care, establishing a diabetes prevention legacy effect and confirming the durability of early preventive intervention.
The DREAM trial demonstrated that rosiglitazone reduces incident diabetes or death by 60% and achieves normoglycaemia in 50% of high-risk adults with impaired glucose tolerance, the largest pharmacological diabetes prevention effect documented in a large RCT, but the drug’s subsequent cardiovascular safety concerns and market withdrawal have prevented translation of these findings into clinical practice.
The Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated that intensive lifestyle intervention reduces type 2 diabetes incidence by 58% with a NNT of 6.9 over 2.8 years in high-risk adults, outperforming metformin which reduced incidence by 31%, establishing structured lifestyle modification as the primary preventive strategy for pre-diabetes and the evidence base for national prevention programmes.