Summary: In patients with diabetes-related foot ulcers, 12-week lower limb resistance training with breathing regulation significantly improved glycemic control and enhanced wound healing compared to a standard care group, though it was associated with mild fatigue reported in a subset of participants. PICO Description Population Patients with diabetes-related foot ulcers. Intervention A 12-week lower limb resistance training program combined with breathing regulation techniques. Comparison Standard care without the specified exercise intervention. Outcome Significant improvement in glycemic control (e.g., reduced HbA1c levels) and enhanced wound healing rates. Participants reported improved physical well-being, though mild fatigue was noted in some cases. Source:…
Author: FWA
Summary: In patients with predominantly intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) with 3.7 GBq of radioactive iodine (RAI) was found to be noninferior in effectiveness compared to thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) with 3.7 GBq of RAI. Additionally, rhTSH demonstrated a favorable safety profile, leading to fewer adverse events compared to THW. PICO Description Population Patients with predominantly intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Intervention Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) with 3.7 GBq of radioactive iodine (RAI). Comparison Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) with 3.7 GBq of radioactive iodine (RAI). Outcome The study concluded that rhTSH was noninferior to THW in…
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes participating in the SURPASS-2 phase 3 trial across multiple countries, once-weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide significantly improved markers of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and fasting biomarkers compared to weekly semaglutide under similar conditions. Reductions in HbA1c and weight were consistently greater with tirzepatide, regardless of baseline metabolic status. PICO Description Population A total of 1,879 adult participants with type 2 diabetes who were part of the SURPASS-2 phase 3 trial conducted across 128 sites in 8 countries. Intervention Once-weekly subcutaneous Tirzepatide administered at doses of 5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg for a duration…
Summary: In healthy adult women participating in two pooled randomized trials investigating thyroid function biomarkers during sleep restriction (SR), prolonged mild sleep restriction (SR) significantly reduced TSH levels compared to acute sleep (AS) or no sleep restriction, though it was associated with no significant changes in FT4 and FGF-21 levels. If sustained, these disruptions to the thyrotropic axis may elevate cardiometabolic risk in women. PICO Description Population Healthy adult women participating in two pooled randomized trials investigating thyroid function biomarkers during sleep restriction (SR). Intervention Prolonged mild sleep restriction (SR). Comparison Acute sleep (AS) or no sleep restriction. Outcome Prolonged…
Summary: In healthy adult participants, including Japanese and non-Japanese individuals, single-dose administration of cilofexor and firsocostat significantly resulted in higher plasma exposure in Japanese participants compared to non-Japanese participants compared to pharmacokinetic analysis of non-Japanese participants under identical conditions. Both drugs were well tolerated, with no notable differences in adverse events or laboratory abnormalities, and no need for dose adjustments despite higher exposure. PICO Description Population Healthy adult participants, including Japanese (n = 20 for the cilofexor study and n = 21 for the firsocostat study) and non-Japanese participants (n = 20 for the cilofexor study and n = 21…
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, stratified by baseline use of SGLT2 inhibitors, weekly administration of semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of kidney failure, decline in kidney function, kidney death, or cardiovascular death compared to placebo. The benefits were evident in participants not on SGLT2 inhibitors but not in those using them. Secondary outcomes, such as improvements in kidney function and cardiovascular health, were favorable for semaglutide, though varied across subgroups. PICO Description Population (P) Adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (N=3,533), stratified by baseline use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i; n=550…
Summary: In adults aged 18 or older with obesity and prediabetes, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg combined with diet and physical activity counselling significantly reduced bodyweight (-13.9% vs. -2.7%) and increased reversion to normoglycaemia (81% vs. 14%) compared to placebo with the same lifestyle counselling, though it was associated with a higher rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (6% vs. 1%). PICO Description Population Adults aged 18 or older with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and prediabetes (defined as HbA1c of 6.0–6.4% or fasting plasma glucose of 5.5–6.9 mmol/L), who were part of a 52-week multicentre phase 3 trial…
Summary: In adults with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), semaglutide 2.4 mg administered weekly for 52 weeks significantly reduced body weight (-8.8% to -6.9%), improved health status (+9.3 vs. +4.7 KCCQ points), enhanced exercise capacity, and decreased loop diuretic use by 17% compared to placebo administered weekly alongside standard care, though it was associated with no significant adverse safety signals. PICO Description Population Adults with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m² from the pooled STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF-DM trials (n = 1,145), classified by baseline diuretic use (no…
In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), once-weekly semaglutide significantly increased the risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) compared to non-exposure, doubling the five-year hazard ratio (HR), though it was associated with improved glycaemic control and other cardiometabolic benefits.
In adults with diabetes mellitus but no evident cardiovascular disease, aspirin at a dose of 100 mg daily significantly reduced the risk of serious vascular events by 12% compared to placebo, though it was associated with a 29% increased risk of major bleeding events.