Summary: In adults with diabetes mellitus, home-based diabetes self-management education and support through Orem’s self-care model significantly improved self-care behaviors and glycemic control compared to standard care without this educational support, though it was associated with no significant adverse side effects reported. PICO Description Population Adults diagnosed with diabetes mellitus participating in diabetes self-management. Intervention Home-based diabetes self-management education and support program delivered via Orem’s self-care model. Comparison Routine diabetes care without structured self-management education or Orem’s model-based support. Outcome Significant improvement in patients’ self-care agency, diabetes management skills, and glycemic control; no major adverse events reported. Clinical Context Diabetes…
Author: FWA
Summary: In patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and elevated office systolic blood pressure (OSBP), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) significantly reduced treatment burden of intravitreal injections and improved blood pressure and visual acuity compared to standard care without SGLT2i, though it was associated with potential systemic side effects of SGLT2i (not specified). PICO Description Population Patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) exhibiting elevated office systolic blood pressure (OSBP). Intervention Administration of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as a systemic adjunct to standard intravitreal injections (IVRs). Comparison Standard care involving intravitreal injections without SGLT2i treatment. Outcome SGLT2i use was associated…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) significantly predicts future cardiovascular events and target organ damage (TM) compared to traditional obesity indices (such as BMI and waist circumference), though it was associated with limited information on side effects as this is an observational predictive measure rather than an intervention. PICO Description Population Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participating in the ACCORD study. Intervention Assessment of weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) as a predictive marker for cardiovascular outcomes and target organ damage. Comparison Traditional obesity indices including body mass index (BMI) and waist…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, tirzepatide was noninferior in reducing a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke compared to dulaglutide, though it was associated with gastrointestinal side effects. PICO Description Population Adults with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Intervention Once-weekly tirzepatide (doses as per SURPASS-CVOT trial protocol). Comparison Once-weekly dulaglutide (doses as per SURPASS-CVOT trial protocol). Outcome Tirzepatide was noninferior to dulaglutide for the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Tirzepatide treatment was associated with increased gastrointestinal adverse events. Clinical Context Tirzepatide represents a…
Summary: In patients with severe mental disorder and diabetes, physician-led medication reviews significantly reduced the number of prescribed drugs and potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) compared to usual care without structured medication reviews, though it was associated with no additional costs, indicating cost-neutrality. PICO Description Population Patients with severe mental disorder comorbid with diabetes receiving pharmacological treatment. Intervention Physician-led medication reviews aiming at optimizing treatment and reducing inappropriate prescriptions. Comparison Standard care without structured medication reviews or additional physician-led interventions. Outcome Intervention resulted in cost-neutral outcomes with a reduction in the number of prescribed drugs and potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs). Clinical…
Summary: In individuals with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes ,an anti-lipogenic low-carbohydrate high polyunsaturated fat diet (LCPUFA) or a healthy Nordic diet (HND) significantly reduced liver fat content and improved cardiometabolic parameters compared to usual care (UC), though it was associated with some gastrointestinal side effects and challenges in dietary adherence. PICO Description Population Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, characterized by metabolic dysregulation and increased liver fat. Intervention An anti-lipogenic low-carbohydrate high polyunsaturated fatty acid diet (LCPUFA) or a healthy Nordic diet (HND) rich in whole grains, applied over 12 months. Comparison Usual care (UC) without specific…
Summary: In overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), combined treatment with metformin (0.85 g twice daily) and liraglutide (1.2 mg once daily) significantly improved metabolic parameters, reduced androgen levels, and favorably modulated gut microbiota compared to monotherapies with metformin or liraglutide alone, though it was associated with some adverse gastrointestinal reactions. PICO Description Population Overweight or obese women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and female Sprague-Dawley rats induced with PCOS using letrozole. Intervention Combined treatment of oral metformin (0.85 g twice daily in humans, 200 mg/kg in rats) and subcutaneous liraglutide (1.2 mg/day in humans, 0.2 mg/kg/day in…
Summary: In adults with type 1 diabetes, a high-carbohydrate, low-fat, low-protein (HCLFLP) diet significantly improved substrate oxidation and glucose regulation during sustained submaximal exercise compared to low-carbohydrate, high-fat, low-protein and other isocaloric diet variations over seven days, though it was associated with no significant adverse side effects reported. PICO Description Population Twelve adults with type 1 diabetes (4 females), mean age 46 ± 15 years, average HbA1c 55.9 ± 7.8 mmol/mol, undergoing sustained submaximal exercise. Intervention Seven-day consumption of a high-carbohydrate (48%), low-fat (33%), low-protein (19%) isocaloric diet (HCLFLP). Comparison Seven-day consumption of alternative isocaloric diets differing in macronutrient composition:…
Summary: In middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), L-citrulline supplementation significantly improved endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness, as well as lowered fasting glucose levels in both fasted and acute hyperglycemic states compared to placebo administration, though it was associated with minor gastrointestinal side effects. PICO Description Population Middle-aged and older adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus experiencing endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Intervention Oral L-citrulline supplementation administered at a dose sufficient to evaluate effects on vascular function in fasted and acute hyperglycemic states. Comparison Placebo treatment under identical testing conditions during fasted and acute…
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, combined aerobic and resistance training (A+R) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over 12 weeks significantly improved metabolic, functional, and psychosocial outcomes compared to control (no training), though differences in specific benefits were noted: HIIT yielded greater fasting glucose and muscle mass improvements, while A+R provided broader HbA1c reduction, fat loss, and enhanced quality of life. PICO Description Population Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Intervention Combined aerobic and resistance training (A+R) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT), both administered over 12 weeks. Comparison Control group receiving no…