Summary: In adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes, a 24-week low-carbohydrate (LC) or Mediterranean (MED) diet intervention significantly altered bone turnover markers (CTX and P1NP) compared to each other, though it was associated with variable effects on bone metabolism, indicating possible implications for bone health. PICO Description Population Adolescents and young adults aged 12-21 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Intervention Low-carbohydrate diet or Mediterranean diet followed for 24 weeks. Comparison Comparison between low-carbohydrate diet group and Mediterranean diet group, each with 20 participants. Outcome Significant changes in bone turnover markers: C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and procollagen type 1…
Author: FWA
Summary: In pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) significantly improved glycemic control and management compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), though it was associated with some technical difficulties and device-related discomfort. PICO Description Population Pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Switzerland. Intervention Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices for real-time glucose tracking during pregnancy. Comparison Standard self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) through intermittent finger-prick testing. Outcome Continuous glucose monitoring led to significantly better glycemic control, more timely therapeutic adjustments, and improved pregnancy outcomes compared to SMBG, but was associated with…
Summary: In psychiatric outpatients with diabetes, physician-led medication reviews through interdisciplinary dialogue significantly reduced the number of drugs and potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) compared to usual care without structured medication review, though it was associated with no significant differences in overall healthcare-related costs. PICO Description Population Forty-eight outpatients with severe mental disorders and comorbid diabetes receiving routine psychiatric care in Denmark. Intervention Physician-led medication reviews conducted through interdisciplinary dialogue involving psychiatrists and clinical pharmacologists. Comparison Standard care without structured medication review, reflecting usual clinical practice. Outcome The intervention group experienced a reduction in the median number of prescribed medications and…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing cognitive decline, dapagliflozin and liraglutide treatment significantly improved neuroprotective outcomes compared to placebo or standard therapy, though it was associated with variable side effect profiles relevant to each drug. PICO Description Population Adults with type 2 diabetes experiencing cognitive decline associated with neural circuit dysfunction. Intervention Treatment with dapagliflozin or liraglutide administered at standard therapeutic doses. Comparison Placebo or standard therapy without neuroprotective agents. Outcome Liraglutide activated olfactory-related brain regions locally, while dapagliflozin enhanced functional integration within neural circuits, collectively demonstrating neuroprotective effects relevant to managing type 2 diabetes-related cognitive decline. Clinical…
Summary: In individuals at risk for dementia with cardiometabolic features, intentional, non-pharmacological weight loss significantly reduced dementia risk as detected by a proteomic dementia risk test compared to no weight loss interventions, though it was associated with the usual challenges of sustained lifestyle modification. PICO Description Population Adults with cardiometabolic risk factors who are at increased risk for dementia. Intervention Intentional non-pharmacological weight loss achieved through lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise. Comparison No weight loss intervention or usual care without targeted weight loss strategies. Outcome The proteomic dementia risk test demonstrated a significant reduction in estimated dementia risk…
Summary: In older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) did not significantly improve cognitive or brain imaging outcomes compared to sham treatment, though it was associated with a higher rate of serious adverse events (SAEs). PICO Description Population Older adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Intervention Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) administered over the study period (specific dosing regimen not detailed). Comparison Sham treatment serving as placebo control. Outcome No significant improvement in cognitive function or brain imaging outcomes with HBOT compared to sham; transient cognitive improvements…
Summary: In older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes, resistance exercise training significantly improved targeted cognitive function compared to controls with no structured resistance training, though it was associated with no major adverse effects reported. PICO Description Population Older adults identified as being at risk for type 2 diabetes, without established diabetes diagnosis. Intervention Structured resistance exercise training program targeting cognitive function improvements. Comparison Control groups without resistance training or with usual care routines. Outcome Resistance exercise yielded significant improvements in specific cognitive domains related to executive function. No major side effects were reported. The results suggest potential to…
Summary: In adults with prediabetes, metformin combined with aerobic exercise significantly improved skeletal muscle tissue characteristics and metabolic markers compared to aerobic exercise alone or no intervention, though it was associated with potential side effects related to metformin use (not specified in detail). PICO Description Population Adults diagnosed with prediabetes characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and increased skeletal muscle intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Intervention Aerobic exercise program combined with administration of metformin (dose details not specified). Comparison Aerobic exercise alone, without metformin, and/or no intervention control group. Outcome Aerobic exercise improved skeletal muscle tissue characteristics and metabolic markers indicative of…
Summary: In prediabetic adults, aerobic exercise alone or in combination with metformin significantly improved skeletal muscle composition, insulin sensitivity, and remission to normoglycemia compared to metformin alone or no intervention (control), though it was associated with no significant adverse effects. PICO Description Population Adults with prediabetes (mean age 48.4 ± 13.1 years) enrolled in a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Intervention Aerobic exercise alone or combined aerobic exercise with metformin; assessed using multiparameter MRI metrics and blood biomarkers. Comparison Metformin alone and control (no intervention). Metformin monotherapy showed limited impact on skeletal muscle metabolism. Outcome Exercise significantly reduced intermuscular adipose tissue…
Summary: In patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and elevated office systolic blood pressure (OSBP ≥ 140 mmHg), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i; luseogliflozin) significantly reduced the number of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injections required compared to sulfonylurea (glimepiride), though it was associated with no reported adverse events related to treatment but requires further confirmation in larger cohorts. PICO Description Population Adults with diabetic macular edema (DME) and hypertension, defined as office systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or a documented history of hypertension. Intervention Oral sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), luseogliflozin, administered alongside standard intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) therapy over a 48-week…