Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes, various glucose-lowering medications as studied in the GRADE trial showed small differences in medication adherence and unclear clinical impact on glycemic control compared to other treatment groups within the comparative effectiveness study, though lower adherence was strongly associated with worsening glycemic control. PICO Description Population Adults with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the GRADE study, receiving glucose-lowering therapies. Intervention Four distinct glucose-lowering treatments as part of the GRADE comparative effectiveness trial. Comparison Other glucose-lowering treatments evaluated within the GRADE study arms. Outcome Adherence was generally high across treatment groups with minimal differences; however,…
Author: FWA
Summary: In adults with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years’ duration inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy, the addition of insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin significantly maintained high medication adherence and improved glycemic outcomes across all groups compared to each other, with minor differences observed at year 3 favoring glimepiride and sitagliptin over liraglutide, though it was associated with clinically insignificant variations in adherence between groups. PICO Description Population Adults with type 2 diabetes (duration <10 years), HbA1c 6.8%-8.5%, treated with metformin monotherapy. Intervention Addition of second-line agents: insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin; adherence measured over 3…
Summary: In older patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), home-based telemedicine-supported exercise training focusing on longer exercise duration significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O₂peak) compared to less exercise duration or varying intensity levels, though it was associated with no notable adverse effects but required early engagement for sustained adherence. PICO Description Population Older adults (mean age 67.9 years, 84.1% men) with both coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), participating in the LeIKD trial. Intervention Home-based, telemedicine-supported endurance exercise training over six months, with variable intensity and increasing weekly exercise duration. Comparison…
Summary: In patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the Abluminus DES+ sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) significantly improved clinical outcomes including reduced restenosis rates and comparable safety profiles compared to the XIENCE durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent (EES), though it was associated with similar rates of adverse cardiovascular events and stent thrombosis. PICO Description Population Patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Intervention Abluminus DES+ sirolimus-eluting stent (thin-strut cobalt-chromium stent with abluminal and balloon-surface sirolimus coating). Comparison XIENCE durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent (EES), a widely-used polymer-based everolimus-eluting stent. Outcome Abluminus DES+ SES demonstrated significantly…
Summary: In diabetes-free individuals with obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), berberine treatment at a dose of 1 g/day for 6 months did not significantly reduce visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area or liver fat content compared to placebo, though it was associated with improvements in lipid and inflammatory markers and had a similar rate of adverse events to placebo. PICO Description Population Diabetes-free adults with obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), enrolled at 11 hospitals in China. Intervention Oral berberine at a daily dose of 1 gram for 6 months. Comparison Matching placebo administered orally once…
Summary: In obese men, intranasal vitamin C application (80 mg/day for 8 days) significantly improved insulin sensitivity, increased serum vitamin C levels, and attenuated neuroenergetic phosphocreatine (PCr) decline compared to placebo treatment, though it was associated with no reported adverse effects. PICO Description Population Fifteen obese men (BMI >30 kg/m2) and fifteen normal weight men (BMI 20–25 kg/m2). Intervention Intranasal administration of vitamin C (80 mg ascorbic acid/day) for 8 consecutive days. Comparison Placebo administered intranasally under the same protocol. Outcome In obese participants, vitamin C improved insulin sensitivity acutely (p = 0.003), increased serum vitamin C concentrations (p =…
Summary: In older Spanish adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, a Mediterranean Diet and lifestyle intervention significantly improved perceived vitality, physical and mental well-being, and nutritional self-efficacy compared to usual behaviours lacking structured dietary or lifestyle intervention, though it was associated with barriers including low motivation, disease burden, mobility issues, and limited social support. PICO Description Population Spanish adults aged 60–81 years with overweight or obesity and diagnosed with metabolic syndrome participating in a randomized clinical trial. Intervention Mediterranean Diet and healthy lifestyle behavioural intervention supported by continuous contact with researchers, peer support, and nutritional education. Comparison Usual lifestyle practices…
Summary: In Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults with prediabetes or early diabetes, purified anthocyanin supplementation (160, 320, and 640 mg/day for 12 weeks) showed no significant improvement compared to placebo, and it was not associated with adverse effects. PICO Description Population Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults (n=184) with prediabetes or early-stage diabetes (dysglycemia). Intervention Daily supplementation with purified anthocyanins at doses of 160 mg, 320 mg, or 640 mg for 12 weeks. Comparison Placebo group receiving no active anthocyanin supplementation. Outcome No significant changes or dose-response effects in arterial stiffness (measured by baPWV), blood pressure, ABI, or composite cardiovascular risk…
Summary: In adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) combined with metformin and pioglitazone or sitagliptin significantly improved glycemic control, reduced insulin requirements, and enhanced β-cell function during treatment compared to SIIT alone via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), though it was associated with no significant difference in 12-month diabetes remission rates. PICO Description Population Adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and a mean HbA1c of 10.6% ± 2.2%. Intervention Short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) using CSII plus either 90-day oral metformin and pioglitazone (CSII + Met + Pio) or sitagliptin (CSII…
Summary: In postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity, high-dose green tea extract (GTE) supplementation (843 ± 44 mg EGCG/day) did not significantly reduce inflammatory cytokines compared to placebo over a 12-month period, and it was not associated with notable side effects. PICO Description Population Postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity, participating in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (n = 97). Intervention Daily supplementation with high-dose green tea extract containing 843 ± 44 mg epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for 12 months. Comparison Placebo group receiving an identical capsule without active ingredients for the same duration. Outcome No statistically significant differences were observed…