Summary: In patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO), oral N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) 600 mg twice daily as an adjuvant therapy significantly accelerated antibiotic responses and reduction in infectious inflammatory markers compared to standard antibiotic therapy alone, though it was associated with mild gastrointestinal side effects. PICO Description Population Adults with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). Intervention Oral N-Acetyl-Cysteine (600 mg twice daily) as an adjuvant to standard antibiotic therapy. Comparison Standard antibiotic therapy alone without N-Acetyl-Cysteine. Outcome Significant acceleration in antibiotic responses and reduction of infectious inflammatory markers in the NAC group. Associated with mild gastrointestinal side effects. Source: Laya Hooshmand Gharabagh,…
Author: FWA
Summary: In individuals with parental antenatal corticosteroid exposure, this exposure significantly influenced endocrine and metabolic changes in the second generation (F2) compared to those with no corticosteroid exposure, though it was associated with potential risks in growth and metabolic health. PICO Description Population Second-generation individuals (F2) born to parents exposed to antenatal corticosteroids in utero. Intervention Exposure to antenatal corticosteroids administered to parents who were at risk of preterm birth. Comparison Second-generation individuals (F2) without parental antenatal corticosteroid exposure. Outcome Parental antenatal corticosteroid exposure resulted in detectable endocrine and metabolic changes in the second generation (F2), including potential alterations to…
Summary: In controlled type 2 diabetics undergoing single simple dental extractions, amoxicillin did not show a significant improvement in alveolar osteitis prevention, infection reduction, or healing delay compared to placebo. The study suggests that antibiotics are unnecessary in these cases. PICO Description Population Adults with type 2 diabetes under good glycemic control undergoing single simple dental extractions. Intervention A 7-day course of amoxicillin administered post-extraction. Comparison Placebo tablets administered post-extraction for the same duration. Outcome No significant differences in rates of alveolar osteitis, infection, or delayed healing between the amoxicillin and placebo groups. The findings suggest antibiotics do not add…
Summary: In patients with obesity or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing gastroscopy under deep sedation, nasal mask oxygenation significantly reduced the incidences of hypoxemia, subclinical respiratory depression, and severe hypoxemia compared to standard nasal cannula oxygenation, though it was associated with no increase in other sedation-related adverse events. PICO Description Population Adults aged 18–70 years with obesity or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing gastroscopy under deep propofol sedation. Intervention Nasal mask oxygenation administered during the sedated gastroscopy procedure. Comparison Standard nasal cannula oxygenation during the same procedure. Outcome Nasal mask oxygenation significantly reduced: Hypoxemia from 32.8% to 8.5% (P <…
Summary: In children with moderate-to-severe asthma and type 2 inflammation, dupilumab combined with medium-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) significantly reduced exacerbations and improved lung function and asthma control compared to placebo combined with continued high-dose ICS, though it was associated with minimal adverse events. PICO Description Population Children (age not specified) with moderate-to-severe asthma and evidence of type 2 inflammation. Intervention Dupilumab in combination with medium-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Comparison Placebo in combination with continued high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Outcome Dupilumab significantly reduced asthma exacerbations, improved lung function, and enhanced asthma control compared to placebo. Minimal adverse events were noted with…
Summary: In Chinese preschool children with rising obesity risk, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) significantly improved body composition measures such as total body water, skeletal muscle mass, and fat-free mass, and helped prevent fat mass accumulation compared to light physical activity (LPA), though it was associated with no reported adverse effects. PICO Description Population Eighty-six Chinese preschool children aged approximately 3–5 years from Beijing, with concern for rising obesity rates. Intervention An 8-week structured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) program, conducted 3 times per week in 30-minute sessions. Comparison A light physical activity (LPA) intervention of the same duration and frequency as…
Summary: In overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), combination therapy with semaglutide (1 mg weekly) and metformin (1000 mg twice daily) significantly reduced body weight, improved metabolic parameters, normalized reproductive hormone levels, and increased natural pregnancy rates compared to metformin monotherapy at 1000 mg twice daily, though it was associated with no major adverse effects reported in the abstract. PICO Description Population Overweight or obese women diagnosed with PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria (n=100). Intervention Combination of metformin 1000 mg BID and semaglutide 1 mg once weekly for 16 weeks. Comparison Metformin monotherapy 1000 mg BID for…
Summary: In patients with borderline coronary lesions, combined treatment with Alirocumab and Atorvastatin significantly reduced LDL-C levels, increased arterial lumen volume, and decreased plaque burden compared to Alirocumab + placebo and Atorvastatin + placebo, though it was associated with no significant adverse effects reported. PICO Description Population Patients (n=69) with borderline coronary lesions detected by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), who completed a 48-week follow-up. Intervention Combination therapy of Alirocumab (a PCSK9 inhibitor) and Atorvastatin. Comparison Group A: Alirocumab + placebo; Group B: Atorvastatin + placebo. Outcome Group C (Alirocumab + Atorvastatin) achieved the greatest LDL-C reduction (from 3.64 to 1.48 mmol/L;…
Summary: In adults with displaced isolated medial malleolar (MM) fractures, closed reduction and percutaneous fixation (CRPF) significantly reduced time to radiographic union compared to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using identical cannulated screws, though it was associated with no significant increase in complications or inferior functional outcomes. PICO Description Population Adults (n=50) with isolated, displaced medial malleolar fractures classified according to Herscovici classification. Intervention Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation (CRPF) using two partially-threaded cannulated cancellous screws. Comparison Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using the same type of implant—two partially-threaded cannulated cancellous screws. Outcome CRPF demonstrated a significantly shorter…
Summary: In patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR), Limberg flap reconstruction significantly improved postoperative recovery, reduced wound complications, and enhanced perineal healing compared to primary closure, though it was associated with minor donor site complications. PICO Description Population Patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR) for rectal cancer. Intervention Limberg flap reconstruction for perineal defect closure. Comparison Primary closure of the perineal defect. Outcome The Limberg flap significantly reduced wound dehiscence, infection rates, and enhanced overall perineal healing, compared to primary closure. Minor donor site complications were reported but manageable. Source: Mina Alvandipour, et al. “Impact of Limberg Flap Reconstruction Following Abdominoperineal Resection:…