In patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, once-weekly semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) compared to placebo, though it was associated with a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy complications.

In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately managed by diet and exercise alone, once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight compared to placebo, demonstrating a promising safety profile, though with mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal side effects.

In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or thiazolidinediones, once-weekly semaglutide significantly improved glycaemic control and reduced body weight more effectively than daily sitagliptin, though with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects.

In patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic therapy, once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg significantly improved HbA1c and reduced body weight more than once-weekly exenatide ER 2.0 mg over 56 weeks, with a higher rate of gastrointestinal side effects for semaglutide but more injection-site reactions for exenatide.

In insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin (± sulfonylureas), once-weekly semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c and promoted weight loss more effectively than daily insulin glargine, with a lower incidence of hypoglycaemia, though gastrointestinal side effects were more common.

In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight compared to dulaglutide at similar doses, though it was associated with higher gastrointestinal side effects.