In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity, tirzepatide significantly reduced the composite risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure and improved health status compared to placebo, though it was associated with higher gastrointestinal side effects.
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In patients with type 2 diabetes, intensive blood-pressure control (targeting systolic BP <120 mm Hg) significantly reduced cardiovascular events compared to standard treatment (systolic BP <140 mm Hg), though it was associated with increased risks of symptomatic hypotension and hyperkalemia.
In children aged 6 to <12 years with obesity, liraglutide (3.0 mg daily, combined with lifestyle interventions) significantly reduced BMI and body weight compared to placebo with lifestyle interventions, though it was associated with increased gastrointestinal side effects.
In adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity, tirzepatide significantly reduced the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and body weight compared to placebo, with notable improvements in sleep-related outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors, albeit with increased gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with obesity and knee osteoarthritis, once-weekly semaglutide (2.4 mg) significantly reduced body weight and pain compared to placebo, though it was associated with gastrointestinal side effects.
In adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (alone or with sulfonylurea), oral semaglutide (7 mg and 14 mg) significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight compared to sitagliptin over 26 weeks, while the 3 mg dose showed no significant benefit.
In patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on SGLT-2 inhibitors, adding semaglutide significantly improved HbA1c and reduced body weight compared to placebo, though it was associated with an increased frequency of gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular (CV) risk, oral semaglutide demonstrated non-inferior cardiovascular safety to placebo, showing no significant increase in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which included cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke.
In adults with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²), daily subcutaneous semaglutide significantly promoted weight loss compared to liraglutide and placebo, with gastrointestinal symptoms as the main side effect.
In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately managed on diet and exercise (with or without metformin), daily subcutaneous semaglutide significantly improved glycaemic control and promoted weight loss compared to both liraglutide and placebo, though it was associated with higher gastrointestinal side effects.