In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), once-weekly semaglutide significantly increased the risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) compared to non-exposure, doubling the five-year hazard ratio (HR), though it was associated with improved glycaemic control and other cardiometabolic benefits.
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In adults with diabetes mellitus but no evident cardiovascular disease, aspirin at a dose of 100 mg daily significantly reduced the risk of serious vascular events by 12% compared to placebo, though it was associated with a 29% increased risk of major bleeding events.
A clinical guideline update on the prevention or delay of diabetes and associated comorbidities was published in January 2025 by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Professional Practice Committee. These guidelines, published in Diabetes Care (2025;48(Suppl. 1):S50–S58).
In patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on metformin, once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg and once-daily canagliflozin 300 mg significantly improved…
In patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and basal insulin, once-weekly semaglutide significantly improved glycaemic control (HbA1c reduction)…
In adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin, semaglutide 1.0 mg once weekly significantly reduced HbA1c and body…
In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity, tirzepatide significantly reduced the composite risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure and improved health status compared to placebo, though it was associated with higher gastrointestinal side effects.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, intensive blood-pressure control (targeting systolic BP <120 mm Hg) significantly reduced cardiovascular events compared to standard treatment (systolic BP <140 mm Hg), though it was associated with increased risks of symptomatic hypotension and hyperkalemia.
In children aged 6 to <12 years with obesity, liraglutide (3.0 mg daily, combined with lifestyle interventions) significantly reduced BMI and body weight compared to placebo with lifestyle interventions, though it was associated with increased gastrointestinal side effects.
In adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity, tirzepatide significantly reduced the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and body weight compared to placebo, with notable improvements in sleep-related outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors, albeit with increased gastrointestinal side effects.