The CREDENCE trial demonstrated that canagliflozin reduced the composite of end-stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine, or renal or cardiovascular death by 30% in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease, becoming the first dedicated renal outcomes trial to demonstrate that an SGLT2 inhibitor could substantially slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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The DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin did not reduce 3-point MACE compared with placebo but significantly reduced the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure, driven entirely by a 27% reduction in heart failure hospitalisation, in the largest and most broadly representative SGLT2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trial conducted to date.
The CANVAS Programme demonstrated that canagliflozin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 14% in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, but identified an approximately twofold increase in lower-extremity amputation risk, primarily at the toe or metatarsal level, requiring careful patient selection and monitoring.
The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death by 38% and heart failure hospitalisation by 35% in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease — the first glucose-lowering agent to show a mortality benefit in a cardiovascular outcomes trial.
Summary: In patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease without diabetes (n=17,604) from the SELECT trial, once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced…
Summary: In adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes (n=725) enrolled in the phase 3 SYNCHRONIZE-1 trial across 14 countries,…
Summary: In adults with obesity or overweight without type 2 diabetes from SURMOUNT-5, tirzepatide at maximum tolerated dose for 72…
Summary: In patients with biopsy-confirmed MASH and fibrosis stage F2-F3 (n=212), once-weekly pemvidutide (1.2 or 1.8 mg), a GLP-1/glucagon dual…
Summary: In adults with overweight or obesity following 7-day vancomycin treatment, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) supplementation for 8 weeks transiently improved gut…
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (n=60), adding sitagliptin 100 mg/day to metformin 2000 mg/day…